Table 1.

Tumor localization with ICG: utility, dosing, dosing interval, and challenges.

Procedures n = 65	Fluorescent tumors (true positive) n = 46	Fluorescent nodules but not tumors (false positive) n = 3	Nonfluorescent nodules but not tumors (true negative) n = 10	Nonfluorescent tumors (false negative) n = 6	Background noise	Source of background noise (for open vs. MIS)	Fluorescence-guided identification of tumors not detected by standard of care
Thorax n = 37 (pulmonary lesions = 36, Mediastinal NB = 1)	24 (OS = 9, HB = 5, HCC = 1, ES = 3, NB = 2, NRSTS = 2, RMS = 1, CB = 1)	2 (Histoplasma = 1, reactive lymph node = 1)	8 (3 lymph nodes = 3, granulomas = 2, nodular pulmonary ossification = 1, dystrophic calcification = 1, post-therapy Wilms tumor with no morphologic evidence of viable tumor = 1)	3 (OS = 2, WT = 1)	Total: 15 (40%) Open (11): 11(100%) MIS (26): 4 (15%)	Open: Skin, diaphragm, and chest wall MIS: Diaphragm, chest wall	3 lesions seen only by NIR (HB = 2, HCC = 1)
Abdomen n = 19	13 (HB = 3; HCC = 1, NB = 4, GCT = 2, NRSTS = 1, lymphoma = 1, SPNP = 1	1 (granuloma)	2 (Reactive fibroblastic proliferation = 1, lymph nodes with sinus histiocytosis = 1)	3 (ACC = 2, NB = 1)	Total: 13 (68%) Open (8): 8 (100%) MIS (11): 5 (45%)	Open: Skin, bowel, kidney, gall bladder MIS: Kidney, bowel	None
Trunk and extremities n = 9	9 (NRSTS = 4 RMS = 4 Myoepithelial carcinoma = 1)	0	0	0	9 (100%)	Skin	1 (Tumor extension seen only by NIR)

ICG, Indocyanine Green; MIS, minimally invasive; OS, osteosarcoma; HB, hepatoblastoma; ES, Ewing sarcoma; RMS, rhabdomyosarcoma; NRSTS, non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma; ATC, anaplastic thyroid cancer; CB, chondroblastoma; NB, neuroblastoma; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; WT, Wilms tumor; GCT, germ cell tumor, SPNP, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of pancreas; ACT, adrenocortical tumor.