TABLE 1.
PD‐1 and PD‐L1 blocking agents in tumor therapy
| Tumor type | Target—antibody | Response rate |
|---|---|---|
| Melanoma | PD‐1—Nivolumab | CR 8.9%, PR 41% 257 |
| CR 4%, PR 30% 258 | ||
| CR 3.3%, PR 28.3% 259 | ||
| PD‐1—Pembrolizumab | CR 5‐6%, PR 27‐29% 260 | |
| CR 2‐3%, PR 19‐23% 261 | ||
| Hodgkin's lymphoma | PD‐1—Nivolumab | CR 14%, PR 55% 262 |
| PD‐1—Pembrolizumab | CR 22%, PR 47% 263 | |
| NSCLC | PD‐1—Nivolumab | CR 0.7%, PR 19.3% 264 |
| CR 1.4%, PR 17.8% 265 | ||
| PD‐1—Pembrolizumab | ORR 18‐19% (PD‐L1 > 1%), 29‐30% (PD‐L1 > 50%) 266 | |
| Hazard ratio 0.53 versus chemotherapy alone 267 | ||
| CR 4%, PR 41% 268 | ||
| PD‐L1—Atezolizumab | OS 12.6 m versus 9.7 m in chemotherapy arm 269 | |
| PD‐L1—Durvalumab | Hazard ratio 0.52 versus placebo 270 | |
| MSI‐H and dMMR CRC | PD‐1—Nivolumab | CR 2.7%, PR 30% 271 |
| Gastric cancer | PD‐1—Pembrolizumab | ORR 13.3% in PD‐L1 positive 272 |
| PD‐1—Nivolumab | ORR 18.7%, DCR 31.2% 273 | |
| Advanced Endometrial Cancer | PD‐1—Pembrolizumab + Lenvatinib | ORR 63.6% 274 |
| HNSCC | PD‐1—Nivolumab | OS 7.5 versus 5.1 m for investigator's choice 275 |
| PD‐1—Pembrolizumab | CR 5%, PR 11% 276 | |
| Urothelial carcinoma | PD‐1—Nivolumab | CR 2.6%, PR 17% 277 |
| PD‐1—Pembrolizumab | ORR 21% 278 | |
| ORR 28.6% 279 | ||
| PD‐L1—Atezolizumab | CR 6.7%, PR 16.8% 280 | |
| CR 5.5%, PR 9.4% 281 | ||
| PD‐L1—Durvalumab | CR 2.7%, PR 14.3% 282 | |
| PD‐L1—Avelumab | CR 5.6%, PR 10.6% (at 6 months follow‐up) 283 | |
| Merkel cell carcinoma | PD‐L1—Avelumab | CR 11.4%, PR 21.6% 284 |
| Gastroesophageal Cancer. | PD‐1—Nivolumab + 5‐Fluorouracil | DCR 73.3%, OS 13.3 m 285 |
| MSI‐H and dMMR solid tumors | PD‐1—Pembrolizumab | ORR 39.6% 286 |
| HCC | PD‐1—Nivolumab | ORR 14.3% 287 |
| nccRCC | PD‐1—Nivolumab | ORR 18.6%, DCR 53.4% 288 |
Abbreviations: CR, complete response; CRC, colorectal cancer; DCR: disease control rate; dMMR, mismatch repair deficient; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; MSI‐H, microsatellite instability high; nccRCC, nonclear cell renal cell carcinoma; NSCLC, nonsmall cell lung cancer; ORR, overall response rate; OS, overall survival; PR, partial response.