Table 4.

Associations between recent or former atrazine use and kidney function

		eGFR Percent Change (95% CI) ^a		CKD OR (95% CI)^b
Atrazine Use^c	N_CKD/N_total	Overall	IWLDs	Overall	IWLDs

NEVER	24/225	Ref		Ref
FORMER ^d	151/971	−3.3 (−6.6 to 0.0)		1.7 (1.0 to 2.9)
Low	89/565		−4.1 (−7.5 to −0.7)		1.8 (1.1 to 3.2)
Mid	32/217		−1.1 (−5.2 to 3.2)		1.4 (0.7 to 2.6)
High	28/179		−0.6 (−4.9 to 4.0)		1.4 (0.7 to 2.8)
p_trend^e			0.19		0.71
RECENT ^d	29/349	−5.1 (−8.8 to −1.2)		2.2 (1.1 to 4.3)
Low	7/84		−3.7 (−9.0 to 1.9)		2.0 (0.8 to 5.4)
Mid	9/105		−3.8 (−8.8 to 1.4)		2.1 (0.8 to 5.2)
High	13/145		−6.6 (−11.0 to −2.0)		2.4 (1.1 to 5.4)
p_trend^e			0.01		0.03

Notes: CKD, chronic kidney disease; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IWLDs, intensity weighted lifetime days; OR, odds ratio

Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the percent change in the geometric mean estimated glomerular filtration rate and 95% confidence intervals among individual pesticide users compared to never users, controlling for age at interview, state of residence, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and correlated pesticides.

Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between atrazine users and chronic kidney disease status compared to never users, controlling for age at interview, state of residence, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and correlated pesticides.

Never use: no reported atrazine use on any AHS or BEEA questionnaires; Former use: reported no atrazine use within the last 12 months on BEEA questionnaire and had previously reported using atrazine on at least one AHS questionnaire (enrollment or follow up interviews); Recent Use: reported using atrazine within the last 12 months on the BEEA questionnaire.

Low: 25–4340 IWLDs; Mid: >4340–9799 IWLDs; High: >9799–127520 IWLDs

Based on intra-strata median values of IWLDs

Bold results denote a P-value <0.05