Table 3.

Characteristics of bloodstream infections (n = 36) in 774 patients hospitalized with COVID-19

Characteristic	n (%)
Source
Central line	17 (47.2)
Skin	6 (16.7)
Pulmonary	5 (13.9)
Urine	4 (11.1)
Gastrointestinal	3 (8.3)
Unknown	1 (2.8)
Organism (n = 42)*
S. aureus	7 (16.7)
Candida species	7 (16.7)
Streptococcus species	6 (14.3)
Coagulase negative staphylococci	5 (11.9)
Enterococcus species	5 (11.9)
E. coli	3 (7.1)
Klebsiella species	3 (7.1)
Other gram-negative organisms†	6 (14.3)
Multidrug resistance (n = 42)*
None	30 (71.4)
Methicillin resistance
S. aureus	4 (9.5)
Coagulase-negative staphylococci	2 (4.8)
Vancomycin resistance
Enterococci	3 (7.1)
Carbapenem resistance
Enterobacterales	2 (4.8)
P. aeruginosa	1 (2.4)
Epidemiologic class‡
Hospital-onset	26 (72.2)
Healthcare-associated, community-onset	8 (22.2)
Community-onset	2 (5.6)
Collection location
Intensive care unit	24 (66.7)
Emergency department	10 (27.8)
Ward	2 (5.6)
Outcomes
Persistent bloodstream infection§	0
Mortality (in-hospital)	18 (50.0)

Definition of abbreviations: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease; E. cloacae = Enterobacter cloacae; E. coli = Escherichia coli; P. aeruginosa = Pseudomonas aeruginosa; P. melaninogenica = Prevotella melaninogenica; P. mirabilis = Proteus mirabilis; S. aureus = Staphylococcus aureus; S. marcescens = Serratia marcescens.

^*Five patients had polymicrobial bacteremia; there were 42 total isolates.

^†Acinetobacter sp., E. cloacae, P. melaninogenica, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, S. marcescens.

^‡Using U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines (15).

^§Positive blood cultures for the same organism at least 72 hours apart despite appropriate antibiotics.