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Picture rendering of the non-invasive venous waveform analysis (NIVA) device. The NIVA device is composed of a wristband used to capture the venous waveforms using a piezoelectric sensor encased in Versaflex as well as a main device where the signal is amplified and digitally processed on a microcontroller. The measured venous waveform contains the cardiac and respiratory harmonics in coronavirus disease 2019 and control subjects.
