Table II.
Number and % of total number of patients who filled initial postoperative prescription by LIS status
| All (N = 18,433) | No LIS (n = 16,544) | LIS (full subsidy, n = 1,551) | LIS (partial subsidy, n = 338) | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
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| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |||
| Preoperative opioid use | < .001 | |||||||
| Naïve | 7,726 | 7,305 | 44.2% | 325 | 21.0% | 96 | 28.4% | |
| Intermittent | 7,159 | 6,524 | 39.4% | 515 | 33.2% | 120 | 35.5% | |
| Chronic | 3,548 | 2,715 | 16.4% | 711 | 45.8% | 122 | 36.1% | |
| Surgery | < .001 | |||||||
| Hip arthroplasty | 4,169 | 3,837 | 23.2% | 266 | 17.2% | 66 | 19.5% | |
| Knee arthroplasty | 9,240 | 8,333 | 50.4% | 753 | 48.5% | 154 | 45.6% | |
| Spine arthroplasty or fusion | 3,263 | 2,852 | 17.2% | 344 | 22.2% | 67 | 19.8% | |
| Shoulder arthroplasty | 1,761 | 1,522 | 9.2% | 188 | 12.1% | 51 | 15.1% | |
| Age | < .001 | |||||||
| 65–69 | 6,026 | 5,218 | 31.5% | 690 | 44.5% | 118 | 34.9% | |
| 70–74 | 6,118 | 5,570 | 33.7% | 453 | 29.2% | 95 | 28.1% | |
| 75–79 | 3,946 | 3,610 | 21.8% | 267 | 17.2% | 69 | 20.4% | |
| 80–84 | 1,774 | 1,627 | 9.8% | 112 | 7.2% | 35 | 10.4% | |
| 85+ | 569 | 519 | 3.1% | 29 | 1.9% | 21 | 6.2% | |
| Sex | < .001 | |||||||
| Male | 7,089 | 6,673 | 40.3% | 340 | 21.9% | 76 | 22.5% | |
| Female | 11,344 | 9,871 | 59.7% | 1,211 | 78.1% | 262 | 77.5% | |
| Race | < .001 | |||||||
| White | 16,915 | 15,484 | 93.6% | 1149 | 74.1% | 282 | 83.4% | |
| Black | 854 | 589 | 3.6% | 227 | 14.6% | 38 | 11.2% | |
| Others | 487 | 313 | 1.9% | 158 | 10.2% | 16 | 4.7% | |
| Unknown | 177 | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Charlson comorbidity index | < .001 | |||||||
| 0 | 8,697 | 8,053 | 48.7% | 8,053 | 33.8% | 120 | 35.5% | |
| 1–2 | 7,046 | 6,245 | 37.7% | 6,245 | 42.7% | 139 | 41.1% | |
| 3–4 | 1,928 | 1,648 | 10.0% | 1,648 | 14.9% | 49 | 14.5% | |
| 5+ | 762 | 598 | 3.6% | 598 | 8.6% | 30 | 8.9% | |
| Tobacco use | 2,856 | 2,371 | 14.3% | 422 | 27.2% | 63 | 18.6% | < .001 |
| Mental health disorder | ||||||||
| Adjustment disorder | 79 | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Anxiety | 1,217 | 987 | 6.0% | 190 | 12.3% | 40 | 11.8% | < .001 |
| Disruptive disorder | 24 | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Depression | 1,511 | 1,187 | 7.2% | 265 | 17.1% | 59 | 17.5% | < .001 |
| Personality disorder | 16 | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Suicide, self-harm | 18 | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Psychosis | 60 | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Other mental disorder | 109 | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Alcohol, substance disorder | 154 | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Pain disorder | ||||||||
| Arthritis pain | 15,267 | 13,651 | 82.5% | 1,330 | 85.8% | 286 | 84.6% | .004 |
| Back pain | 5,556 | 4,877 | 29.5% | 571 | 36.8% | 108 | 32.0% | < .001 |
| Neck pain | 1,921 | 1,614 | 9.8% | 257 | 16.6% | 50 | 14.8% | < .001 |
| Other pain | 2,763 | 2,327 | 14.1% | 372 | 24.0% | 64 | 18.9% | < .001 |
*
The CMS cell size suppression policy sets minimum thresholds, 11 cases, for the display of CMS data. At least 1 of the 3 categories (ie, no LIS, LIS–full subsidy, LIS–partial subsidy) had cell size less than 11 cases.