Figure 1.

The overview of the management of Parkinson’s disease (PD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A schematic diagram illustrating the recommendations for management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in PD. In general, it is recommended that PD patients should reduce visits to the hospital and to follow strict health guidelines. They are also encouraged to perform home-based exercise. As for outpatient management of PD, it is recommended to give earlier appointments to establish a diagnosis for the new referrals in clinics. However, it is advised to postpone appointments and to continue PD medication for the stable existing patients. The use of telemedicine and alternatives for consultation is important when the PD patients experience clinical deterioration, to facilitate urgent re-appointment and admission to hospitals if indicated. If PD patients have mild to moderate COVID-19 clinical symptoms, it is advised to go through self-monitoring at home, to seek consultations if symptoms worsen and most importantly, to continue maintain the PD medication. For PD patients who developed severe COVID-19, hospitalization is required and to continue PD medication or to adjust the regime if indicated. The diagram also reflects how COVID-19 related to future perspective with regards to PD, ranging from vaccination towards COVID-19, which is recommended among PD patients. As for research in future, it is necessary to follow safety protocol and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) should be encouraged.