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. 2021 Oct 4;12:5808. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26075-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Extract of ANOVA-heatmap (Z-scores) for UBA1 under different PAL conditions. b ATP-dependent Ub activation and transthioesterification reactions catalyzed by UBA1. c Detection of Ub transfer from UBA1 to UbcH7 in the presence of Ap₃A, Ap₄A or ATP, analyzed by non-reducing SDS-PAGE (15%) followed by Coomassie blue staining. d The nucleotides were incubated with SAP before performing the transthioesterification reaction to remove possible contaminants of ATP in the Ap₃A and Ap₄A samples. The experiments were performed twice with matching results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.