TABLE 4.

Summary of sex differences in highlighted alcohol behavioral studies.

Method	Animal	Result	References
Alcohol
Chronic alcohol 2-bottle choice	C57BL/6J mice	↑ consumption in female vs. male.	O’Rourke et al., 2016
	Wistar and Long–Evans rats		Priddy et al., 2017
Intermittent alcohol 2-bottle choice
Binge DID	C57BL/6J mice		Szumlinski et al., 2019
Operant self-administration	Sprague-Dawley rat		Nieto and Kosten, 2017
LORR	α6 KO mice	↑ sedation in KO mice, n.d. between sexes.	Kamens et al., 2012
CPP		↓ sensitivity to CPP, n.d. between sexes.	Guildford et al., 2016
Locomotor activity + varenicline pretreatment	DBA/2J mice	↓ alcohol-induced locomotion with varenicline pretreatment, n.d. between sexes.	Gubner et al., 2014
Binge DID + bPiDi pretreatment	C57BL/6J mice	↓ alcohol consumption with bPiDi treatment, n.d. between sexes.	Kamens et al., 2017
Alcohol and nicotine co-consumption
3-bottle choice, chronic access	C57BL/6J mice	↑ alcohol and nicotine consumption in female vs. male. n.d. in nicotine consumption upon alcohol abstinence. Males ↓ alcohol consumption when presented alongside nicotine; n.d. in females.	O’Rourke et al., 2016
		↓ alcohol consumption when alcohol solution contains quinine, n.d. between sexes. Females ↑ nicotine consumption when consuming less alcohol.	DeBaker et al., 2020a
Operant alcohol self-administration + nicotine pretreatment; reinforce demand	Wistar rat	Baseline: ↑ reinforcement index in males vs. females. Nicotine pretreatment: ↑ perseverative responding only in females.	Barrett et al., 2020

bPiDi, N,N-decane-1,10-diyl-bis-3-picolinium diiodide; CPP, conditioned place preference; DID, drinking-in-the-dark; KO, knockout; LORR, loss of righting reflex; n.d., no difference.