Table 2.
Vitreous levels of erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
| Variables | MH and ERM | PDR | P- value | P1 | P2 | P3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (control group) | Non-IVR | IVR | # | § | & | ||
| EPO (mIU/ml) | |||||||
| Mean ± SD | 18.96 ± 13.30 | 99.29 ± 27.77 | 68.57 ± 41.47 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.04 |
| 95% CI | 10.02–27.90 | 83.25–115.3 | 38.91–98.24 | ||||
| VEGF (pg/ml) | |||||||
| Mean ± SD | 10.98 ± 0.98 | 836.30 ± 899.5 | 13.22 ± 2.72 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.99 | 0.004 |
| 95% CI | 10.32–11.64 | 316.90–1356 | 11.27–15.17 | ||||
MH, macular hole; ERM, epiretinal membrane; DM, diabetes mellitus; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; #Control vs. Non-IVR; §Control vs. IVR; &Non-IVR vs. IVR.
Bold value indicates p < 0.05, which are statistically significant.