Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of before and after propensity score matching between patients receiving inotropic agent and patients not receiving inotropic agent.
| Before PSM | After PSM | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inotropic (n = 15,021) | Non-inotropic (n = 19,360) | P-value | Inotropic (n = 12,480) | Non-inotropic (n = 12,480) | P-value | |
| Age, yrs | 66.47 ± 14.93 | 64.45 ± 16.76 | <0.001 | 66.20 ± 14.97 | 66.37 ± 16.21 | 0.363 |
| Male, n (%) | 8,011 (53.33) | 9,970 (51.50) | <0.001 | 6,567 (52.62) | 6,508 (52.15) | 0.455 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.28 ± 7.13 | 27.89 ± 7.11 | <0.001 | 28.98 ± 8.57 | 29.12 ± 8.92 | 0.216 |
| APACHE-IV | 79.82 ± 31.24 | 60.59 ± 23.96 | <0.001 | 68.70 ± 23.58 | 68.50 ± 23.29 | 0.51 |
| APS-II | 66.15 ± 30.25 | 47.73 ± 21.96 | <0.001 | 54.75 ± 22.20 | 53.15 ± 21.69 | <0.01 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| Caucasian | 11,645 (77.52) | 14,704 (75.95) | <0.001 | 9,731 (77.97) | 9,446 (75.69) | <0.01 |
| African American | 1,384 (9.21) | 2,142 (11.06) | <0.01 | 1,093 (8.76) | 1,384 (11.09) | <0.01 |
| Native American | 141 (0.94) | 168 (0.87) | 0.12 | 115 (0.92) | 141 (1.13) | 0.1 |
| Asian | 223 (1.48) | 420 (2.17) | <0.01 | 198 (1.59) | 229 (1.83) | 0.13 |
| Hispanic | 763 (5.08) | 798 (4.12) | 0.36 | 630 (5.05) | 602 (4.82) | 0.41 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 7,822 (52.07) | 9,768 (50.45) | <0.001 | 6,512 (52.18) | 6,227 (49.90) | <0.001 |
| CHF | 3,235 (21.54) | 3,219 (16.63) | <0.001 | 2,547 (20.41) | 2,529 (20.26) | 0.778 |
| RMI | 1,590 (10.59) | 1,692 (8.74) | <0.001 | 1,250 (10.02) | 1,303 (10.44) | 0.268 |
| Valve disease | 892 (5.94) | 777 (4.01) | <0.001 | 679 (5.44) | 639 (5.12) | 0.258 |
| CABG | 1,070 (7.12) | 1,121 (5.79) | <0.001 | 844 (6.76) | 821 (6.58) | 0.560 |
| PCI (within 2 years) | 1,021 (6.80) | 1,129 (5.83) | <0.001 | 814 (6.52) | 823 (6.59) | 0.818 |
| Arrhythmias | 2,510 (16.71) | 2,446 (12.63) | <0.001 | 1,958 (15.69) | 1,867 (14.96) | 0.110 |
| Pacemaker | 701 (4.67) | 655 (3.38) | <0.001 | 530 (4.25) | 521 (4.17) | 0.777 |
| COPD | 2,626 (17.48) | 3,147 (16.26) | 0.003 | 2,183 (17.49) | 2,026 (16.23) | 0.008 |
| Renal failure | 1,490 (9.92) | 1,688 (8.72) | <0.001 | 1,192 (9.55) | 1,262 (10.11) | 0.137 |
| Stroke | 1,489 (9.91) | 1,862 (9.62) | 0.36 | 1,195 (9.58) | 1,307 (10.47) | 0.018 |
| Diabetes | 2,281 (15.19) | 3,104 (16.03) | 0.03 | 4,017 (32.19) | 4,295 (34.42) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 2,703 (17.99) | 3,319 (17.14) | 0.04 | 2,215 (17.75) | 2,242 (17.96) | 0.655 |
| Infectious disease | 367 (2.44) | 509 (2.63) | 0.28 | 306 (2.45) | 338 (2.71) | 0.201 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 367 (2.44) | 377 (1.95) | <0.001 | 317 (2.54) | 230 (1.84) | <0.001 |
| Invasive ventilation, n (%) | 4,635 (30.86) | 2,224 (11.49) | <0.001 | 3,033 (24.30) | 1,821 (14.59) | <0.001 |
| Non-invasive ventilation, n (%) | 2,204 (14.67) | 2,194 (11.33) | <0.001 | 1,847 (14.80) | 1,489 (11.93) | <0.001 |
The predictors for matching were age, gender, BMI, APACHE-IV, APS-II, and comorbidities. Data displayed as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation, with P-value for between-groups comparison using chi squared or analysis of variance. PSM, propensity score matching; BMI, Body Mass Index; APACH-IV, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation score IV; APS-II, simplified acute physiology score II; CHF, congestive heart failure; RMI, Remote Myocardial Infarction; CABG, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; PCI, Procedural Coronary Intervention; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.