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. 2021 Sep 21;8:652641. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.652641

Table 7.

Macronutrient levels in native breast milk (BM) in 150 mL fluid intake.

Final macronutrient level
Lyophilization factor Fat (g)** Protein (g)** Carbs (g)** Energy (kcal)**
Native breast milk/ESPGHAN 1.0 5.4 1.7 10.1 96
Target macronutrient per kg/d
Fat [6.6 g*] 1.2 6.6 2.0 12.3 117
Protein [4.5 g*] 2.7 14.7 4.5 27.4 262
Carbs [13.2 g*] 1.3 7.1 2.2 13.2 126
Energy 135 [kcal*] 1.4 7.6 2.3 14.1 135

Recommended nutritional intake based on ESPGHAN guidelines reached applying freeze-drying by required lyophilization factor. BM, breast milk; carbs, carbohydrates. A green cell indicates the parameter used for adjustment.

*

Target intake per kg per day.

**

Amount per 150 mL breast milk.

Blue—values below ESPGHAN targets for macronutrient content, red—values above targets, and green—within targets.