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. 2021 Sep 21;9:714011. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.714011

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Copyright © 2021 Deng, Tan, Dai, Luo and Xu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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hucMSC-ECM enhanced the expression of multiple osteoinductive cytokines in macrophages. (A) Heatmap of upregulated Dif genes of interest in macrophages cocultured with the DBM and DBM-ECM scaffolds as identified by mRNA sequencing; red frame: cytokine, blue frame: receptor. (B) The mRNA levels of 10 cytokines in macrophages cocultured with the DBM and DBM-ECM scaffolds. (C) The protein expression of the seven cytokines in macrophages cocultured with the DBM and DBM-ECM scaffolds, which were screened out from qPCR results. ***p < 0.005; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05.