Table 1.
Antibiotics regimens for depletion of the gut microbiota in recipient mice.
| Antibiotics administration | Antibiotics concoction | Dosage | Duration | Add-ons | Depletion of gut microbiota | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drinking water | Metronidazole + Vancomycin | 1.0 + 0.5 g/L | 10 weeks | (Atarashi et al., 2011) | ||
| Metronidazole + Ciprofloxacin | 1.0 + 1.0 g/L | 2 weeks | Grape Kool aid (20 g/L) | A ~105- to 106-fold reduction in fecal bacteria | (Josefsdottir et al., 2017) | |
| Penicillin + Streptomycin | 2000U/mL +2 mg/mL | 3 days | (Zhou et al., 2017) | |||
| Ampicillin + Vancomycin + Polymixin | 1.0 + 0.5 + 0.1 g/L | 4 weeks | Depletion in microbiota noticed | (Kim et al., 2017) | ||
| Ampicillin + Cefoperazone + Clindamycin | 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 mg/mL | 7 days | Significant reduction in bacterial diversity | (Staley et al., 2017) | ||
| Neomycin + Vancomycin + Invanz | 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 mg/mL | 7 days | Significant reduction in bacterial diversity | (Staley et al., 2017) | ||
| Neomycin + Metronidazole + Vancomycin | 1.0 + 1.0 + 0.5 g/L | 7 days | (Kinnebrew et al., 2010) | |||
| Streptomycin + Colistin + Ampicillin | 5 + 1 + 1 g/L | 6 weeks | 2.5% sucrose | (Sawa et al., 2011) | ||
| Ampicillin + Neomycin + Streptomycin + Vancomycin | 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 + 0.5 mg/mL | 4-5 weeks | (Khosravi et al., 2014) | |||
| Metronidazole + Vancomycin + Cefoxitin + Gentamicin | 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 mg/mL | 10 days | Significant nonappearance of aerobes and 105- to 106-fold drop in anaerobes | (Ganal et al., 2012) | ||
| Ampicillin + Kanamycin + Metronidazole + Vancomycin | 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 + 0.5 g/L | 3 weeks | A 103 drop in gut bacteria | (Gury-BenAri et al., 2016) | ||
| Ampicillin + Neomycin + Metronidazole + Vancomycin | 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 + 0.5 g/mL | 7 days | A 105- fold drop in fecal microbes | (Ochoa-Reparaz et al., 2009) | ||
| 2 weeks | Grape Kool aid (20 g/L) | A ~105- to 106-fold reduction in fecal bacteria | (Josefsdottir et al., 2017) | |||
| 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 + 0.35 g/L | 2 weeks | Grape Kool-Aid (25 g/L) | (Emal et al., 2017; Thackray et al., 2018; Burrello et al., 2018) | |||
| 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0+ 0.5 g/L | 4 weeks | (Li et al., 2017; Durand et al., 2018) | ||||
| 1 month | 3% sucrose | ∼99% of gut bacteria were removed | (Yan et al., 2016) | |||
| Intraperitoneal injection | Ampicillin + Neomycin + Metronidazole + Vancomycin | 1.0 +1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 g/L (200 µL/day) | 7 days | No effect on gut microbes | (Ochoa-Reparaz et al., 2009) | |
| Intramuscular injection | Ampicillin + Metronidazole + Vancomycin | 1.0 + 1.0 + 0.5 g/L (100 µL/day) | 4-6 days | Significant reduction in aerobe and anaerobes | (Wu et al., 2014) | |
| Oral-gastric gavage | Ampicillin + Neomycin + Metronidazole + Vancomycin | 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 + 0.5 g/L (200 µL/day) | 7 days | A 106- fold drop in fecal bacteria | (Ochoa-Reparaz et al., 2009) | |
| Ampicillin + Neomycin + Metronidazole + Vancomycin + Gentamicin | 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 + 0.5 + 1.0 g/mL (200 µl/day) | 3 days | Nearly complete reduction of gut bacteria | (Kelly et al., 2015) | ||
| Bacitracin + Neomycin + Streptomycin | 200 mg/antibiotics/kg body weight | 3 days | 13-fold decrement in SCFA levels | (Fernandez-Santoscoy et al., 2015) | ||
| Ampicillin + Metronidazole + Vancomycin | 2.5 + 2.5 + 1.25 mg/L (200 µl/day) | 3 days | (Sun et al., 2019) | |||
| Neomycin + Bacitracin | 20mg/antibiotics/mouse | 7 days | Pimaricin (5 µg/mouse) | 1000-fold reduction in gut bacteria | (Grasa et al., 2015) | |
| Ampicillin by drinking water Neomycin + Metronidazole + Vancomycin by oral-gastric gavage | 1.0 g/L 100 + 100 + 50 mg/kg/mouse/12 h | 17 days | Amphotericin B (1 g/L) | (Hintze et al., 2014) | ||
| Drinking water+ Oral-gastric gavage | Ampicillin + Neomycin + Metronidazole + Vancomycin | 10 mg/daily/antibiotics/oral-gastric gavage 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 + 0.5 g/L in drinking water | 5 days 7-10 days | A million-fold reduction in gut bacteria | (Kuss et al., 2011) | |
| Kanamycin + Metronidazole + Vancomycin + Gentamicin Colistin + | 0.35-4 + 2.15 + 0.45 + 0.35 mg/mL + 8500 U/mL (100 µl daily by oral-gastric gavage) 50-fold dilution for all antibiotics excluding vancomycin (0.5 mg/mL) in drinking water | 1 week Till sacrifice | Significant reduction in gut bacterial | (Stefka et al., 2014) | ||
| Metronidazole + Colistin + Streptomycin by oral-gastric gavage and Vancomycin by drinking water | 0.4 + 0.3 + 2 mg/mL 0.25 mg/mL | 2 weeks | Amphotericin B (20 μg) | Reduction in bacterial diversity but bacterial load remain unchanged | (Zakostelska et al., 2016) | |
| Streptomycin by oral gavage Ampicillin by drinking water | 20 mg/mouse 1 g/L | 1-2 weeks | Decrement in bacterial load by ~1000 copy number | (Kim et al., 2018a) | ||
| Streptomycin by oral-gastric gavage Followed by Ampicillin + Neomycin + Vancomycin + Metronidazole in drinking water | 100 mg/mouse 1.0 + 1.0 + 1.0 + 0.5 g/L | One dose More than 7 days | 1% sucrose | (Kernbauer et al., 2014) |