TABLE 4.
Predicting subjective well-being, psychological well-being, and symptoms of psychopathology.
| Order of entry |
1st and 2nd blocks
|
3rd block
|
4th block
|
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|
Sociodemographic characteristics
|
Functional social support
|
Character strengths
|
||||||
| Gender(a) | Age | Overall support index | Emotional strengths | Interpersonal strengths | Strengths of restraint | Theological strengths | Intellectual strengths | |
| Life satisfaction | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | – | 0.01 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.29 |
| R2 change | – | 0.01 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.05 |
| β (SE) | – | 0.08** (0.00) | 0.48*** (0.03) | 0.29*** (0.04) | 0.18*** (0.04) | 0.28*** (0.04) | 0.41*** (0.04) | 0.24*** (0.04) |
| Positive affect | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.33 | 0.30 |
| R2 change | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.17 |
| β (SE) | –0.14*** (0.04) | 0.10*** (0.00) | 0.32*** (0.03) | 0.47*** (0.04) | 0.19*** (0.04) | 0.34*** (0.04) | 0.49*** (0.04) | 0.43*** (0.04) |
| Negative affect | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | – | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.12 |
| R2 change | – | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
| β (SE) | – | –0.16*** (0.00) | –0.28*** (0.03) | –0.19*** (0.04) | –0.18*** (0.04) | –0.25*** (0.04) | –0.23*** (0.04) | –0.12*** (0.04) |
| Affect balance | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.29 |
| R2 change | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.11 |
| β (SE) | –0.11*** (0.07) | 0.16*** (0.00) | 0.38*** (0.04) | 0.41*** (0.06) | 0.23*** (0.06) | 0.37*** (0.06) | 0.45*** (0.06) | 0.35*** (0.06) |
| Self-acceptance | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | – | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.34 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.37 | 0.26 |
| R2 change | – | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.10 |
| β (SE) | – | 0.09** (0.00) | 0.39*** (0.03) | 0.45*** (0.05) | 0.21*** (0.05) | 0.39*** (0.05) | 0.50*** (0.04) | 0.33*** (0.05) |
| Positive relations with others | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | 0.02 | – | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.27 |
| R2 change | 0.02 | – | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| β (SE) | 0.14*** (0.05) | – | 0.49*** (0.03) | 0.23*** (0.05) | 0.24*** (0.05) | 0.14*** (0.05) | 0.25*** (0.05) | 0.13*** (0.05) |
| Autonomy | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | – | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.08 |
| R2 change | – | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
| β (SE) | – | 0.10*** (0.00) | 0.15*** (0.03) | 0.41*** (0.05) | 0.09** (0.05) | 0.30*** (0.05) | 0.17*** (0.05) | 0.22*** (0.05) |
| Environmental mastery | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | – | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.32 | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 0.28 |
| R2 change | – | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.09 |
| β (SE) | – | 0.18*** (0.00) | 0.40*** (0.03) | 0.37*** (0.04) | 0.21*** (0.05) | 0.39*** (0.04) | 0.47*** (0.04) | 0.31*** (0.04) |
| Purpose in life | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | – | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.32 | 0.21 | 0.34 | 0.44 | 0.27 |
| R2 change | – | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.13 |
| β (SE) | – | 0.11*** (0.00) | 0.36*** (0.03) | 0.44*** (0.05) | 0.27*** (0.05) | 0.46*** (0.04) | 0.60*** (0.04) | 0.37*** (0.04) |
| Personal growth | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | – | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.18 |
| R2 change | – | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.14 |
| β (SE) | – | 0.05* (0.00) | 0.20*** (0.03) | 0.36*** (0.04) | 0.23*** (0.05) | 0.29*** (0.04) | 0.36*** (0.04) | 0.39*** (0.04) |
| Overall psychological well-being index | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | – | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.44 | 0.28 | 0.38 | 0.44 | 0.35 |
| R2 change | – | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.13 |
| β (SE) | – | 0.11*** (0.00) | 0.45*** (0.02) | 0.49*** (0.03) | 0.28*** (0.03) | 0.43*** (0.03) | 0.52*** (0.03) | 0.38*** (0.03) |
| Somatization | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.09 | – | 0.11 | 0.10 | – |
| R2 change | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.00 | – | 0.02 | 0.01 | – |
| β (SE) | 0.22*** (0.03) | –0.08** (0.00) | –0.20*** (0.02) | –0.07* (0.03) | – | –0.15*** (0.03) | –0.11*** (0.03) | – |
| Obsessive–compulsive | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.17 |
| R2 change | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| β (SE) | 0.11***(0.04) | –0.18*** (0.00) | –0.31*** (0.02) | –0.22*** (0.04) | –0.12*** (0.04) | –0.31*** (0.04) | –0.22*** (0.04) | –0.17*** (0.04) |
| Interpersonal sensitivity | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.19 |
| R2 change | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| β (SE) | 0.09*** (0.03) | –0.20*** (0.00) | –0.36*** (0.02) | –0.24*** (0.03) | –0.18*** (0.03) | –0.25*** (0.03) | –0.19*** (0.03) | –0.15*** (0.03) |
| Depression | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.23 |
| R2 change | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.02 |
| β (SE) | 0.16*** (0.04) | –0.16*** (0.00) | –0.41*** (0.02) | –0.21*** (0.04) | –0.12*** (0.04) | –0.25*** (0.04) | –0.30*** (0.04) | –0.15*** (0.04) |
| Anxiety | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.13 |
| R2 change | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| β (SE) | 0.14*** (0.03) | –0.20*** (0.00) | –0.26*** (0.02) | –0.14*** (0.03) | –0.11*** (0.03) | –0.22*** (0.03) | –0.15*** (0.03) | –0.09*** (0.03) |
| Hostility | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | – | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| R2 change | – | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| β (SE) | – | –0.21*** (0.00) | –0.25*** (0.02) | –0.13*** (0.04) | –0.19*** (0.03) | –0.22*** (0.03) | –0.13*** (0.03) | –0.13*** (0.03) |
| Phobic anxiety | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | – | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.05 |
| R2 change | – | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| β (SE) | – | –0.09** (0.00) | –0.21*** (0.01) | –0.12*** (0.02) | –0.09** (0.02) | –0.14*** (0.02) | –0.12*** (0.02) | –0.08** (0.02) |
| Paranoid ideation | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | – | 0.04 | 0.16 | – | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.16 | – |
| R2 change | – | 0.04 | 0.12 | – | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | – |
| β (SE) | – | –0.20*** (0.00) | –0.35*** (0.02) | – | –0.14*** (0.04) | –0.13*** (0.04) | –0.06* (0.04) | – |
| Psychoticism | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | – | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.16 |
| R2 change | – | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| β (SE) | – | –0.19*** (0.00) | –0.34*** (0.02) | –0.12*** (0.03) | –0.12*** (0.03) | –0.20*** (0.02) | –0.14*** (0.02) | –0.11*** (0.02) |
| Global Severity Index (GSI) | ||||||||
| R2 adj. | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.21 |
| R2 change | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| β (SE) | 0.13*** (0.03) | –0.20*** (0.00) | –0.37*** (0.02) | –0.18*** (0.03) | –0.15*** (0.03) | –0.27*** (0.03) | –0.21*** (0.03) | –0.14*** (0.03) |
The entries are adjusted R2 (R2 adj.) for the regression model, R2 changes at each step of the regression equation, standardized (β) regression coefficients obtained when the variable was first entered, and SE (standard error).
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; (a) 1- Man, 2- Women.