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. 2021 Jul 17;61(3):1111–1121. doi: 10.1093/icb/icab067

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

The effect of ALAN and habitat on CORT concentrations. (A) ALAN affected fCORT concentrations in a habitat-dependent manner. fCORT concentrations were higher in city birds exposed to ALAN, while they were lower in forest birds exposed to ALAN (N = 139 nestlings. Control: forest = 34, city = 30; ALAN: forest = 43, city = 32). (B) pCORT concentrations were affected by habitat, with forest birds having higher concentrations than city birds, but they were unaffected by light treatment (N = 99 nestlings. Control: forest = 23, city = 26; ALAN: forest = 27, city = 23). CORT concentrations were log-transformed to reach normality of residuals. Points and error bars represent means ± SEM. Asterisks denote the P-values of significant differences between pairwise combinations (***<0.001, **0.001–0.01, and *0.01–0.05).