Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the patients.
| Variable | Extremely multiple ground-glass nodules (GGNs) | SN group (N = 99) | P b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HMN group (N = 59) | EMN group (N = 43) | P a | Overall (N = 102) | |||
| Sex (%) | 0.64 | 0.06 | ||||
| Female | 44 (74.6) | 34 (79.1) | 78 (76.5) | 63 (63.6) | ||
| Complaint (%) | 0.47 | 0.73 | ||||
| Yes | 11 (18.6) | 11 (25.6) | 22 (21.6) | 19 (19.2) | ||
| Age | 0.29 | 0.83 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 55.2 (8.9) | 57.1 (9.8) | 56.0 (9.1) | 55.7 (9.5) | ||
| Family history (%) | 0.72 | 0.35 | ||||
| Yes | 4 (6.8) | 4 (9.3) | 8 (7.8) | 12 (12.1) | ||
| Smoking history (%) | 1.00 | 0.31 | ||||
| Yes | 10 (16.9) | 7 (16.3) | 17 (16.7) | 11 (11.2) | ||
| Emphysema (%) | 0.70 | 0.79 | ||||
| Yes | 5 (8.5) | 2 (4.7) | 7 (6.9) | 8 (8.1) | ||
| Positive tumor markers (%) | 0.03 | 0.61 | ||||
| Yes | 9 (15.3) | 15 (34.9) | 24 (23.5) | 20 (20.2) | ||
| Nodule distribution (%) | 0.02 | NA | ||||
| Bilateral | 51 (86.4) | 43 (100.0) | 66 (91.7) | NA | ||
| Nodule type (%) | <0.01 | NA | ||||
| pGGN only | 13 (22.0) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (12.7) | 43 (43.4) | ||
| mGGN only | 4 (6.8) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.9) | 56 (56.6) | ||
| Both pGGN and mGGN | 42 (71.2) | 43 (100.0) | 85 (83.3) | NA | ||
| Bilateral surgery (%) | 0.06 | NA | ||||
| Yes | 26 (44.1) | 11 (25.6) | 23 (34.8) | NA | ||
| Operation method (%) | 0.77 | NA | ||||
| Sublobar resection | 36 (61.0) | 24 (55.8) | 60 (58.8) | 77 (77.8) | ||
| Lobectomy | 8 (13.6) | 5 (11.6) | 13 (12.7) | 22 (22.2) | ||
| Both | 15 (25.4) | 14 (32.6) | 29 (28.4) | NA | ||
| Lymph node (%) | 0.27 | 0.87 | ||||
| No intervention | 4 (6.8) | 3 (7.0) | 7 (6.9) | 9 (9.1) | ||
| Dissection | 21 (35.6) | 22 (51.2) | 43 (42.2) | 40 (40.4) | ||
| Sampling | 34 (57.6) | 18 (41.9) | 52 (51.0) | 50 (50.5) | ||
| Operation interval | 0.27 | NA | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 5.0 (4.0, 7.0) | 4.0 (4.0, 4.5) | 4.0 (4.0, 6.0) | NA | ||
| Resection rate | <0.01 | NA | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 75.0% (57.1%, 100.0%) | 33.3% (25.8%, 46.3%) | 50.0% (33.3%, 77.7%) | NA | ||
HMN, highly multiple nodules; EMN, exceedingly multiple nodules; SN, single nodule; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Comparison between the HMN group and the EMN group.
b
Comparison between patients with extremely multiple GGNs and those with a single GGN.
NA, not available.