Table 3.
S. No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Experimental condition | – | ||||||||||
2. | Performance | −0.01 | – | |||||||||
Covariates | ||||||||||||
3. | Gender | 0.12 | 0.06 | – | ||||||||
4. | Age | 0.05 | 0.02 | −0.07 | – | |||||||
5. | Goal-Commitment | −0.06 | −0.14 | 0.03 | −0.13 | (0.84) | ||||||
Dependent variables | ||||||||||||
6. | Affect Time 1 | −0.02 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.07 | (0.88) | |||||
7. | Self-Esteem Time 1 | 0.01 | 0.14 | −0.01 | 0.16* | −0.01 | 0.44** | (0.80) | ||||
8. | Motivation Time 1 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.17* | 0.28** | 0.52** | (0.71) | |||
9. | Affect Time 2 | −0.13 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.79** | 0.42** | 0.24** | (0.89) | ||
10. | Self-Esteem Time 2 | −0.07 | 0.18* | −0.02 | 0.10 | −0.12 | 0.48** | 0.82** | 0.45** | 0.55** | (0.85) | |
11. | Motivation Time 2 | −0.07 | 0.18* | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.16* | 0.35** | 0.47** | 0.76** | 0.38** | 0.52** | (0.74) |
Total | M | 0.29 | 6.50 | 1.08 | 28.01 | 4.87 | 4.17 | 3.74 | 3.63 | 4.06 | 3.61 | 3.51 |
SD | 0.45 | 2.26 | 0.33 | 7.04 | 1.57 | 1.31 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 1.41 | 0.95 | 0.86 | |
Goal-Failure | M | – | 6.45 | 1.15 | 28.58 | 4.73 | 4.13 | 3.76 | 3.63 | 3.78 | 3.51 | 3.42 |
SD | – | 2.20 | 0.46 | 6.90 | 1.65 | 1.41 | 0.80 | 0.86 | 1.47 | 0.98 | 0.90 | |
Goal-Attainment | M | – | 6.40 | 1.04 | 27.73 | 5.13 | 4.15 | 3.73 | 3.59 | 4.46 | 3.69 | 3.59 |
SD | – | 2.23 | 0.21 | 7.51 | 1.39 | 1.31 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 1.40 | 0.92 | 0.80 | |
Control | M | – | 6.65 | 1.06 | 27.83 | 4.72 | 4.22 | 3.74 | 3.66 | 3.88 | 3.60 | 3.51 |
SD | – | 2.37 | 0.30 | 6.73 | 1.66 | 1.24 | 0.85 | 0.79 | 1.30 | 0.96 | 0.91 |
N=185; experimental condition: no failure (goal-attainment condition and control condition)=0, failure=1; and gender: female=0, other=1.
p< 0.05,
p< 0.01.