TABLE 1.

Summary of bioactive hydrogels as physical barriers used in IUA.

Physical barrier	Biomaterial	Model	Strength	References
IUD + Hydrogel	New crosslinked hyaluronan gel	Human	The application of new crosslinked hyaluronan gel significantly reduces IUA formation	Li et al. (2019)
Hydrogel	New crosslinked hyaluronan gel	Human	New crosslinked hyaluronan gel appears to be able to reduce the formation of IUA	Can et al. (2018)
IUD + Hydrogel	New crosslinked hyaluronan gel	Human	Better endometrial thickness values were observed in those who received new crosslinked hyaluronan gel either alone or in combination with an IUD	Pabuçcu et al. (2019)
Hydrogel	ABT13107	Human	ABT13107 is non-inferior to the highly viscous hyaluronic acid anti-adhesive barrier in IUA formation after hysteroscopic surgery	Lee et al. (2020)
FB + Hydrogel	Auto-crosslinked hyaluronic acid gel	Human	Auto-crosslinked HA gel could be able to reduce IUA, decrease adhesion severity, and improve menopause postoperatively	Xiao et al. (2015)
Hydrogel	Hyaluronic acid gel	Human	Reduce the risk of postoperative IUA	Tafti et al. (2021)