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. 2021 Sep 21;11:715025. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.715025

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Copyright © 2021 Zhou, Li, Kubota, Sakai and Ohno

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Dose distributions of a carbon ion RT in axial sections. The top images show the dose distribution of planning CT (A), the dose distribution with a delay time of (B) 35 s (intra-CT), and (C) 145 s (intra-CT), respectively. Beam overshoot (yellow arrows) and undershoot (white arrows) were observed at scan intervals of 35 and 145 s. The bottom images show the dose distributions of (D) 0°, (E) 90°, (F) 180°, and (G) 270° at 145 s. The green and yellow lines show the shapes of the gross tumor volume and the clinical target volume, respectively. The rainbow contours show the dose distribution (35) (Source: Elsevier. Used with permission).