Figure 11. Salt stress‐activated MKK5‐MPK3/6‐ARR1/10/12 signaling module to mediate plant growth response to salinity.

Under normal growth conditions, MPK3/6 are less active and ARR1/10/12 maintains optimal cytokinin response to control plant growth and development. Exposing plants to high salinity activates MPK3/6, which interact with and phosphorylate ARR1/10/12. Phosphorylated ARR1/10/12 are degraded through the 26S proteasome‐dependent pathway, eventually repressing the cytokinin response and leading to growth inhibition. X represents inhibited signaling or process.