Table 1.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for differentiating idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) from healthy individuals and Alzheimer’s disease, and for predicting CSF shunt effect*

Biomarker	Differential diagnosis of iNPH	CSF shunt effect prediction
Aβ42	No change compared to Alzheimer’s disease, lower than healthy individuals	Poor prognosis with decrease
HPt	Lower than Alzheimer’s disease, no change compared with healthy individuals	Poor prognosis with elevation
Total tau	Lower than Alzheimer’s disease, no change compared to healthy individuals	Poor prognosis with elevation
NfL	Higher than healthy individuals	Poor prognosis with elevation
Aβ38	No change compared to Alzheimer’s disease, lower than healthy individuals
Aβ40	No change compared to Alzheimer’s disease, lower than healthy individuals
LRG	Higher than healthy individuals
PTPRQ	Higher than healthy individuals
CSF-derived Tf-1	Lower than healthy individuals

*Abbreviations: Aβ – β-amyloid; HPt – hyperphosphorylated tau; LRG – leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein; NfL – the light subunit of neurofilament triplet protein; PTPRQ – protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Q; Tf – transferrin; CSF – cerebrospinal fluid; iNPH – idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.