Table 5:
Adjusted hazard ratios for developing different cancer types among adolescents and young adults living with HIV.
| Hazard ratios* (95% confidence intervals) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any cancer | Kaposi sarcoma | Cervical cancer | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
Hodgkin lymphoma |
Leukaemia | |
| Age [years] | ||||||
| 15-19 | 1 | 1 | † | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 20-24 | 1.32 (1.08-1.61) | 1.39 (1.03-1.86) | 1.05 (0.63-1.76) | 0.72 (0.35-1.47) | 1.19 (0.46-3.12) | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 2.16 (1.82-2.56) | 2.06 (1.61-2.63) | - | 3.17 (2.06-4.89) | 4.83 (2.61-8.93) | 5.90 (2.87-12.1) |
| Calendar period | ||||||
| 2004 – 2007 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2008 – 2011 | 0.71 (0.60-0.83) | 0.61 (0.49-0.76) | 1.25 (0.61-2.57) | 0.69 (0.43-1.09) | 0.56 (0.28-1.11) | 0.66 (0.31-1.41) |
| 2012 – 2014 | 0.69 (0.57-0.85) | 0.54 (0.41-0.73) | 0.72 (0.24-2.15) | 0.83 (0.48-1.42) | 0.61 (0.26-1.40) | 0.38 (0.12-1.20) |
| CD4 cell count [cells/μL] | ||||||
| <200 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 200-499 | † | 0.34 (0.28-0.42) | 0.44 (0.22-0.86) | 0.46 (0.29-0.72) | 0.47 (0.23-0.95) | 0.67 (0.25-1.81) |
| ≥500 | 0.17 (0.12-0.24) | 0.21 (0.07-0.57) | 0.30 (0.16-0.55) | 0.53 (0.24-1.20) | 1.23 (0.81-3.33) | |
| Missing | 0.42 (0.31-0.58) | 0.59 (0.22-1.58) | 0.66 (0.35-1.24) | 0.58 (0.22-1.54) | 1.19 (0.33-4.21) | |
*
Adjusted for age, sex, baseline calendar period, and baseline CD4 cell count in the analysis of any cancer, Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma. Adjusted for age, baseline calendar period and baseline CD4 cell count in the analysis of cervical cancer. No adjustment was made in the analysis of leukaemia. Age was treated as a time-updated variable in all models.
†
To preserve proportional hazards, we stratified the model for any cancer with respect to CD4 cell count and the model for cervical cancer with respect to age.