Table 1. Maternal and Neonatal Characteristics by Mode of Delivery Among Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipientsa.
| Characteristic | Kidney transplant | Liver transplant | ||||
| SCD | TOL-CD | TOL-VD | SCD | TOL-CD | TOL-VD | |
| Maternal | ||||||
| Mothers, No. | 459 | 282 | 694 | 105 | 73 | 252 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 31.0 (6.6)b | 29.4 (5.1) | 30.1 (5.0) | 29.9 (5.4) | 29.4 (5.8) | 28.8 (5.2) |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 23.8 (21.0-28.6)b | 25.1 (21.6-30.7) | 23.0 (20.4-26.6) | 23.8 (21.6-29.2)b | 24.3 (22.0-28.4) | 22.5 (20.3-26.4) |
| Nulliparous | 224 (48.8)b | 195 (69.1) | 401 (57.8) | 37 (33.3)b | 55 (75.3) | 122 (19.0) |
| Multiple gestations | 33 (7.2)b | 4 (1.4) | 16 (2.3) | 10 (9.5)b | 0 | 4 (1.6) |
| In vitro fertilization | 19 (4.1)c | 5 (1.8) | 11 (1.6) | 9 (8.6)c | 1 (1.4) | 4 (1.6) |
| Year of delivery | ||||||
| 1968-1999 | 217 (47.3) | 152 (53.9) | 370 (53.3) | 23 (21.9) | 20 (27.4) | 77 (30.1) |
| 2000-2019 | 242 (52.7) | 130 (46.1) | 324 (46.7) | 82 (78.1) | 53 (72.6) | 175 (69.4) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||
| Asian or Asian Pacific Islander | 24 (5.2) | 17 (6.0) | 48 (6.9) | 5 (4.8) | 4 (5.5) | 9 (3.6) |
| Black | 28 (6.1) | 20 (7.1) | 41 (5.9) | 6 (5.7) | 11 (15.1) | 16 (6.3) |
| White | 324 (70.6) | 198 (70.2) | 499 (71.9) | 72 (68.6) | 46 (63.0) | 184 (73.0) |
| Otherd | 48 (10.5) | 20 (7.1) | 54 (7.8) | 17 (16.2) | 6 (8.2) | 33 (13.1) |
| Unknown | 35 (7.6) | 27 (9.6) | 52 (7.5) | 5 (4.8) | 6 (8.2) | 10 (4.0) |
| Prenatal care | 380 (82.8) | 234 (83.0) | 578 (83.2) | 90 (85.7) | 54 (74.0) | 200 (79.4) |
| Transplant center delivery | 137 (29.8) | 107 (37.9) | 240 (34.6) | 28 (26.7) | 25 (34.2) | 77 (30.6) |
| Transplant-to-conception interval, median (IQR), y | 4.9 (2.5-8.2)c | 3.9 (2.1-6.6) | 4.4 (2.3-7.6) | 7.4 (3.6-15.3) | 6.4 (2.1-12.5) | 6.2 (3.0-11.7) |
| Chronic hypertension | 121 (26.4) | 72 (25.5) | 198 (28.5) | 17 (16.2) | 10 (13.7) | 26 (10.3) |
| Hypertensive disorder during pregnancy | 198 (43.1)b | 137 (48.6) | 224 (32.3) | 30 (28.6) | 24 (32.9) | 62 (24.6) |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Gestational | 26 (5.7) | 11 (3.9) | 22 (3.2) | 9 (8.6) | 3 (4.1) | 11 (4.4) |
| Pregestational | 26 (5.7)b | 23 (8.2) | 13 (1.9) | 4 (3.8) | 4 (5.5) | 5 (2.0) |
| Placental abruption | 8 (1.7)c | 7 (2.5) | 3 (0.4) | 3 (2.9) | 2 (2.7) | 5 (2.0) |
| Neonatal | ||||||
| Neonates, No. | 494 | 285 | 707 | 113 | 73 | 254 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 219 (44.3) | 135 (47.4) | 351 (49.6) | 57 (50.4) | 35 (47.9) | 127 (50.0) |
| Male | 275 (55.7) | 150 (52.6) | 356 (50.4) | 56 (49.6) | 38 (52.1) | 125 (49.2) |
| Gestational age, median (IQR), wk | 36 (33.0-37.9)b | 37 (35.0-38.3) | 37 (35.0-38.1) | 37 (34.5-38.0)b | 38 (35.0-39.0) | 38 (36.0-39.4) |
| Birth weight, median (IQR), g | 2495 (1860-2977)b | 2750 (2084-3118) | 2778 (2325-3141) | 2736 (1973-3133)b | 2892 (2353-3260) | 2977 (2551-3345) |
| Weight percentile, median (IQR)e | 35.2 (12.8-62.3) | 30.2 (16.1-64.1) | 32.8 (16.1-64.1) | 38.4 (16.1-60.9) | 30.2 (10.9-62.2) | 39.3 (16.9-64.1) |
| Congenital anomalies | 20 (4.1) | 14 (4.9) | 28 (4.0) | 20 (4.1) | 14 (4.9) | 28 (4.0) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CD, cesarean delivery; SCD, scheduled CD; TOL, trial of labor; VD, vaginal delivery.
Data are presented as number (percentage) of mothers or neonates unless otherwise indicated. Variables with more than 5% of data missing included BMI (kidney, 424 [29.5%]; liver, 77 [17.9%]), prenatal care (kidney, 117 [8.2%]; liver, 39 [9.1%]), and delivery at a transplant center (kidney, 359 [25.0%]; liver, 34 [7.9%]).
P ≤ .01.
P ≤ .05.
Other was an option provided by the Transplant Pregnancy Registry International investigators for self-reported race and ethnicity.
Fenton percentile for preterm neonates and World Health Organization percentile for term neonates.