Table 5. Multivariable Mixed-Effects Logistic Regression Model Identifying Factors Associated With Colorectal Cancer Screening Adherence.
| Variable | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|
| RUCC code | ||
| 4-9, Rural | 0.81 (0.66-0.99) | .047 |
| 1-3, Urban | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Age, y | ||
| ≥65 | 1.57 (1.16-2.12) | .004 |
| 50-64 | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Race and ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.27 (0.86-1.87) | .23 |
| Hispanic | 1.24 (0.64-2.39) | .52 |
| Othera | 0.75 (0.50-1.13) | .17 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Income, $ | ||
| 20 000-49 999 | 1.22 (0.88-1.70) | .24 |
| 50 000-99 999 | 1.81 (1.24-2.66) | .002 |
| ≥100 000 | 1.68 (1.06-2.66) | .03 |
| <20 000 | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Primary source of health coverage | ||
| Medicare | 2.34 (1.43-3.83) | <.001 |
| Medicaid | 2.00 (1.15-3.49) | .01 |
| Private or employee based | 1.99 (1.30-3.06) | .002 |
| Other | 1.56 (0.89-2.76) | .12 |
| Uninsured | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Education | ||
| Post–high school trainings | 1.17 (0.90-1.52) | .24 |
| ≥College graduate | 1.30 (0.99-1.71) | .06 |
| ≤High school | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Employment status | ||
| Retired | 1.48 (1.12-1.96) | .01 |
| Reported disability | 2.20 (1.46-3.31) | <.001 |
| Other | 1.15 (0.81-1.61) | .44 |
| Employed | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Financial security on present income | ||
| Getting by | 0.87 (0.67-1.14) | .31 |
| Finding it difficult | 1.00 (0.70-1.45) | .98 |
| Finding it very difficult | 0.95 (0.58-1.57) | .84 |
| Living comfortably | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Marital status | ||
| Not married | 0.94 (0.74-1.18) | .58 |
| Married or living as married | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| “It seems like everything causes cancer” | ||
| Strongly or somewhat disagree | 1.08 (0.88-1.33) | .46 |
| Strongly or somewhat agree | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| “There’s not much you can do to lower your chances of getting cancer” | ||
| Strongly or somewhat disagree | 1.04 (0.81-1.34) | .76 |
| Strongly or somewhat agree | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| “When I think about cancer, I automatically think about death” | ||
| Strongly or somewhat disagree | 1.14 (0.93-1.39) | .22 |
| Strongly or somewhat agree | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Smoking status | ||
| Current | 0.77 (0.57-1.03) | .07 |
| Former | 1.26 (0.99-1.60) | .06 |
| Never | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| In the past 12 mo was there a time when you needed to see a doctor, but could not because of cost? | ||
| No | 1.42 (1.04-1.92) | .03 |
| Yes | 1 [Reference] | NA |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; RUCC, Rural Urban Continuum Code.
a
Other race includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, other Asian, Native Hawaiian, Guamanian or Chamorro, Samoan, and other Pacific Islander.