Table 3.

Multinomial Model on Transitions of Daily Mental Status Conditional on Opioid Exposure

Mental Status		Opioid Exposure	Adjusted Odds Ratio*† (95% Confidence Interval)	P Value
Day t	Day t + 1
Awake without delirium	Awake without delirium	No	Reference	—
Awake without delirium	Delirium	Yes	1.45 (1.24–1.69)	<0.001
Awake without delirium	Delirium	Log-transformed 10 mg MEQ‡	1.27 (1.15–1.39)	<0.001

Definition of abbreviation: MEQ = morphine-equivalent.

^*Adjusted for time-fixed covariables, including admission category (medical, surgical, and trauma), age, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV Score, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index.

^†Adjusted for time-varying covariables on day t, including day of ICU admission, modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (without neurologic component), use of mechanical ventilation, use of a benzodiazepine, and presence of severe pain.

^‡Adjusted odds ratio represents the odds for a 1 log-fold increase in MEQ dose.