Table 16.
Five-Year Total, Annual Average Totala, and Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Ratesb with 95% Confidence Intervals for Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors in Children and Adolescents (Age 0–19 Years), Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors by Histology, and Sex, CBTRUS Statistical Report: U.S. Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018
| Histology | Total | Male | Female | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-Year Total | Annual Average | Rate (95% CI) | 5-Year Total | Annual Average | Rate (95% CI) | 5-Year Total | Annual Average | Rate (95% CI) | |
| Diffuse Astrocytic and Oligodendroglial Tumors | 2,248 | 450 | 0.55 (0.53–0.57) | 1,229 | 246 | 0.59 (0.55–0.62) | 1,019 | 204 | 0.51 (0.48–0.54) |
| Diffuse astrocytoma | 946 | 189 | 0.23 (0.22–0.25) | 517 | 103 | 0.25 (0.23–0.27) | 429 | 86 | 0.21 (0.19–0.23) |
| Anaplastic astrocytoma | 365 | 73 | 0.09 (0.08–0.10) | 210 | 42 | 0.10 (0.09–0.12) | 155 | 31 | 0.08 (0.07–0.09) |
| Glioblastoma | 700 | 140 | 0.17 (0.16–0.18) | 386 | 77 | 0.18 (0.17–0.20) | 314 | 63 | 0.16 (0.14–0.17) |
| Oligodendroglioma | 164 | 33 | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) | 81 | 16 | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) | 83 | 17 | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) |
| Anaplastic oligodendroglioma | 22 | 4 | 0.01 (0.00–0.01) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oligoastrocytic tumors | 51 | 10 | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Other Astrocytic Tumors | 4,371 | 874 | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) | 2,258 | 452 | 1.08 (1.04–1.13) | 2,113 | 423 | 1.06 (1.01–1.10) |
| Pilocytic astrocytoma | 3,877 | 775 | 0.95 (0.92–0.98) | 1,983 | 397 | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 1,894 | 379 | 0.95 (0.90–0.99) |
| Unique astrocytoma variants | 494 | 99 | 0.12 (0.11–0.13) | 275 | 55 | 0.13 (0.12–0.15) | 219 | 44 | 0.11 (0.10–0.13) |
| Malignant | 227 | 45 | 0.06 (0.05–0.06) | 118 | 24 | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) | 109 | 22 | 0.05 (0.04–0.07) |
| Non-Malignant | 267 | 53 | 0.07 (0.06–0.07) | 157 | 31 | 0.08 (0.06–0.09) | 110 | 22 | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) |
| Ependymal Tumors | 1,176 | 235 | 0.29 (0.27–0.30) | 664 | 133 | 0.32 (0.29–0.34) | 512 | 102 | 0.25 (0.23–0.28) |
| Malignant | 985 | 197 | 0.24 (0.23–0.26) | 551 | 110 | 0.26 (0.24–0.29) | 434 | 87 | 0.22 (0.20–0.24) |
| Non-Malignant | 191 | 38 | 0.05 (0.04–0.05) | 113 | 23 | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) | 78 | 16 | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) |
| Other Gliomas | 3,133 | 627 | 0.77 (0.74–0.79) | 1,568 | 314 | 0.75 (0.71–0.79) | 1,565 | 313 | 0.78 (0.75–0.82) |
| Glioma malignant, NOS | 3,099 | 620 | 0.76 (0.73–0.79) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Other neuroepithelial tumors | 34 | 7 | 0.01 (0.01-0.01) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Neuronal and Mixed Neuronal-Glial Tumors | 2,012 | 402 | 0.49 (0.47–0.51) | 1,110 | 222 | 0.53 (0.50–0.56) | 902 | 180 | 0.45 (0.42–0.48) |
| Malignant | 140 | 28 | 0.03 (0.03–0.04) | 74 | 15 | 0.04 (0.03–0.04) | 66 | 13 | 0.03 (0.03–0.04) |
| Non-Malignant | 1,872 | 374 | 0.46 (0.44–0.48) | 1,036 | 207 | 0.49 (0.46–0.53) | 836 | 167 | 0.42 (0.39–0.45) |
| Choroid Plexus Tumors | 416 | 83 | 0.10 (0.09–0.11) | 238 | 48 | 0.11 (0.10–0.13) | 178 | 36 | 0.09 (0.08–0.10) |
| Malignant | 104 | 21 | 0.03 (0.02–0.03) | 63 | 13 | 0.03 (0.02–0.04) | 41 | 8 | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) |
| Non-Malignant | 312 | 62 | 0.08 (0.07–0.08) | 175 | 35 | 0.08 (0.07–0.10) | 137 | 27 | 0.07 (0.06–0.08) |
| Tumors of the Pineal Region | 213 | 43 | 0.05 (0.05–0.06) | 107 | 21 | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) | 106 | 21 | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) |
| Malignant | 176 | 35 | 0.04 (0.04–0.05) | 91 | 18 | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) | 85 | 17 | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) |
| Non-Malignant | 37 | 7 | 0.01 (0.01-0.01) | 16 | 3 | 0.01 (0.00–0.01) | 21 | 4 | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) |
| Embryonal Tumors | 2,397 | 479 | 0.59 (0.56–0.61) | 1,431 | 286 | 0.69 (0.65–0.72) | 966 | 193 | 0.48 (0.45–0.51) |
| Medulloblastoma | 1,652 | 330 | 0.41 (0.39–0.43) | 1,058 | 212 | 0.51 (0.48–0.54) | 594 | 119 | 0.30 (0.27–0.32) |
| Primitive neuroectodermal tumors | 208 | 42 | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) | 107 | 21 | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) | 101 | 20 | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) |
| Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor | 382 | 76 | 0.09 (0.08–0.10) | 191 | 38 | 0.09 (0.08–0.11) | 191 | 38 | 0.10 (0.08–0.11) |
| All other embryonal | 155 | 31 | 0.04 (0.03–0.04) | 75 | 15 | 0.04 (0.03–0.04) | 80 | 16 | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) |
| Tumors of Cranial and Paraspinal Nerves | 1,202 | 240 | 0.29 (0.28–0.31) | 651 | 130 | 0.31 (0.29–0.33) | 551 | 110 | 0.27 (0.25–0.30) |
| Nerve sheath tumors | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Malignant | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Other tumors of cranial and paraspinal nerves | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Tumors of Meninges | 1,291 | 258 | 0.31 (0.30–0.33) | 622 | 124 | 0.30 (0.27–0.32) | 669 | 134 | 0.33 (0.31–0.36) |
| Meningiomas | 667 | 133 | 0.16 (0.15–0.17) | 324 | 65 | 0.15 (0.14–0.17) | 343 | 69 | 0.17 (0.15–0.19) |
| Malignant | 27 | 5 | 0.01 (0.00–0.01) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | 640 | 128 | 0.15 (0.14–0.17) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Mesenchymal tumors | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Malignant | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Primary melanocytic lesions | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Malignant | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Lymphomas and Hematopoietic Neoplasms | 135 | 27 | 0.03 (0.03–0.04) | 78 | 16 | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) | 57 | 11 | 0.03 (0.02–0.04) |
| Lymphoma | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Other hematopoietic neoplasms | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Germ Cell Tumors | 849 | 170 | 0.21 (0.19–0.22) | 596 | 119 | 0.28 (0.26–0.31) | 253 | 51 | 0.13 (0.11–0.14) |
| Malignant | 752 | 150 | 0.18 (0.17–0.20) | 532 | 106 | 0.25 (0.23–0.28) | 220 | 44 | 0.11 (0.10–0.13) |
| Non-Malignant | 97 | 19 | 0.02 (0.02–0.03) | 64 | 13 | 0.03 (0.02–0.04) | 33 | 7 | 0.02 (0.01–0.02) |
| Tumors of Sellar Region | 4,484 | 897 | 1.08 (1.05–1.12) | 1,420 | 284 | 0.68 (0.64–0.71) | 3,064 | 613 | 1.51 (1.46–1.57) |
| Tumors of the pituitary | 3,639 | 728 | 0.88 (0.85–0.91) | 946 | 189 | 0.45 (0.42–0.48) | 2,693 | 539 | 1.33 (1.28–1.38) |
| Malignant | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Craniopharyngioma | 845 | 169 | 0.21 (0.19–0.22) | 474 | 95 | 0.23 (0.21–0.25) | 371 | 74 | 0.19 (0.17–0.21) |
| Unclassified Tumors | 1,570 | 314 | 0.38 (0.36–0.40) | 808 | 162 | 0.39 (0.36–0.41) | 762 | 152 | 0.38 (0.35–0.41) |
| Hemangioma | 486 | 97 | 0.12 (0.11–0.13) | 262 | 52 | 0.12 (0.11–0.14) | 224 | 45 | 0.11 (0.10–0.13) |
| Neoplasm, unspecified | 868 | 174 | 0.21 (0.20–0.23) | 439 | 88 | 0.21 (0.19–0.23) | 429 | 86 | 0.21 (0.19–0.24) |
| Malignant | 219 | 44 | 0.05 (0.05–0.06) | 113 | 23 | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) | 106 | 21 | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) |
| Non-Malignant | 649 | 130 | 0.16 (0.15–0.17) | 326 | 65 | 0.16 (0.14–0.17) | 323 | 65 | 0.16 (0.14–0.18) |
| All other | 216 | 43 | 0.05 (0.05–0.06) | 107 | 21 | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) | 109 | 22 | 0.05 (0.04–0.07) |
| Malignant | 65 | 13 | 0.02 (0.01–0.02) | 31 | 6 | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 34 | 7 | 0.02 (0.01–0.02) |
| Non-Malignant | 151 | 30 | 0.04 (0.03–0.04) | 76 | 15 | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) | 75 | 15 | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) |
| TOTAL d | 25,497 | 5,099 | 6.21 (6.14–6.29) | 12,780 | 2,556 | 6.10 (6.00–6.21) | 12,717 | 2,543 | 6.33 (6.22–6.44) |
| Malignant | 14,586 | 2,917 | 3.57 (3.51–3.62) | 7,933 | 1,587 | 3.80 (3.71–3.88) | 6,653 | 1,331 | 3.32 (3.25–3.41) |
| Non-Malignant | 10,911 | 2,182 | 2.65 (2.60–2.70) | 4,847 | 969 | 2.31 (2.24–2.38) | 6,064 | 1,213 | 3.00 (2.93–3.08) |
aAnnual average cases are calculated by dividing the five-year total by five.
bRates are per 100,000 and are age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.
cRefers to all brain tumors including histologies not presented in this table.
- Counts and rates are not presented when fewer than 16 cases were reported for the specific category. The suppressed cases are included in the counts and rates for totals.
Abbreviations: CBTRUS, Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States; NPCR, National Program of Cancer Registries; SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; CI, confidence interval; NOS, not otherwise specified.