Table 4.

Longitudinal reference standards used by CIMAC-CIDC

	Reference material	Description	Amount used	Frequency of testing
CyTOF	BioLegend PBMCs	1:1 mixture of dual-labeled activated and resting PBMC Veri-Cells	200–350 vials (1 million cells per vial)	Spiked into every clinical sample at 10 % volume
Olink	Various	• Pooled plasma from healthy donors • Randox cytokine cocktail • Olink experimental controls	Over 1,000 aliquots available	Used in every run
ELISA Grand Serology	Healthy Plasma Pools	• Healthy-donor plasma pools as negative control and titer calculations • Positive plasma pools from patients with reactivity to several antigens	Over 300 mL of plasma available (3–15 µl per assay)	Used as appropriate
IHC/IF MIBI	CHTN Master TMA	Master Tissue MicroArray (TMA) containing normal, neoplastic, and tumor tissue	Sequential sections will be distributed by CHTN (four TMAs blocks)	Twice per year
WES	Coriell Institute HapMap Cell Line Pool	• Two pools of 10 HapMap cell lines containing different allele fractions. • Two cell lines as germline controls	Cell-line pellets embedded into FFPE blocks, extracted DNA distributed to each site	Twice per year Used as analysis pipelines develop over time
Microbiome	Various	• Healthy donor fecal samples (RefA) • ZymoBIOMICS Microbial Community Standard (RefB) • DNA library of gut-relevant microbes of known abundance (RefC)	• RefA: 60 ready-to-use aliquots from ~100 mg of material • RefB: commercially available	Used to control biases and batch effects for extractions, library prep, and sequencing runs

CHTN: Cooperative Human Tissue Network