Table 1.
Means and standard deviations for sample demographics and psychological characteristics
| Men, mean (SD) | Women, mean (SD) | Overall, mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 29) | (N = 29) | (N = 58) | |
| Age, y | 21.1 (2.9) | 20.7 (2.7) | 20.9 (2.8) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.1 (4.9) | 22.2 (3.2)* | 24.2 (4.7) |
| Avg MVC, kg | 38.3 (9.9) | 22.4 (6.5)* | 30.3 (11.6) |
| Family history of pain† | 1.4 (1.7) | 2.6 (1.5)* | 2.0 (1.7) |
| FPQ | 74.8 (19.5) | 79.9 (14.0) | 77.4 (17.0) |
| FES-positive | 24.3 (6.7) | 23.7 (7.3) | 24.0 (7.0) |
| FES-negative | 17.0 (5.9) | 17.7 (6.0) | 17.4 (5.9) |
| PCS | 14.0 (6.6) | 16.5 (9) | 15.3 (8.0) |
| In vivo PCS | 5.8 (5.5) | 6.3 (4.6) | 6.0 (5.0) |
| TMD | 112.8 (28.9) | 113.8 (20.9) | 113.3 (25.0) |
BMI = body mass index; MVC = maximal voluntary contraction; FES = Family Environment Scale; TMD = total mood disturbance; PCS = Pain Catastrophizing Scale; FPQ = Fear of Pain Questionnaire.
*
Indicates a significant sex difference (P < 0.05).
†
Number of painful conditions experienced by the participant’s immediate family members.