Table 3.

The efficacy of joint mobilization and manipulation in other tendinopathies

Author and year	Study design	Participants	Intervention	Outcome measure	Results
73	Case study	1 patient with medial elbow tendinopathy	Scaphoid mobilization and radio-ulnar mobilization, combined with friction massage, ischemic compression of trigger points around the medial epicondyle area, eccentric exercises and ice.	Not reported	At a one-year follow up, the patient reported complete resolution of symptoms with no recurrence.
74	Case study	1 patient with medial elbow tendinopathy	Carpal and radio-ulnar mobilization and manipulation, combined with myofascial release, stretching, forearm muscle strengthening, electrical stimulation and ice.	NPRS, wrist flexor strength	At the end of treatment protocol [including 7 treatment visits], the patient showed significant improvement in pain and flexor strength and therefore she could perform activities of daily living with little discomfort.
]75	Case study	1 patient with de Quervain’s disease	Mobilization with movement and conventional joint mobilization techniques applied to the first carpometacarpal, radiocarpal, and midcarpal joints along with superficial heat, ice, iontophoresis, active range-of-motion exercises and transverse friction massage directed to the first dorsal tunnel.	Universal goniometer, NPRS	Over the course of 2 months, the patients presented improvement for all motions of the wrist and first carpometacarpal joint as well pain reduction.
	Case series	4 patients with de Quervain’s disease	Mobilization with movement of the first carpometacarpal joint combined with eccentric muscle training, and high-voltage electrical stimulation.	NPRS, DASH	At 6-month follow-up, all patients reported minimal pain and disability.
77	Case series	3 patients with de Quervain’s disease	Several techniques including carpometacarpal thrust and non-thrust manipulation, end range radiocarpal mobilization and mobilization with movement of the first carpometacarpal joint were applied combined with strengthening exercises, and grip proprioception training.	NPRS, DASH, GSM	At 6-month follow-up, all patients reported minimal pain and disability and improvement in GS.
Jayaseelan et al., 83	Case series	Three patients with Achilles tendinopathy	Joint mobilization, manipulation and mobilization with movement were applied to the foot and ankle joint in addition to eccentric loading exercises and calf stretching.	NPRS, VISA-A, PPT, GROC	Immediate improvements in pain and function were detected. These improvements were maintained at a nine-month e-mail follow up.
34	Case series	Three patients with Achilles tendinopathy	Joint mobilization and manipulation were applied to the foot and ankle joint along with hip mobilization.	VISA-A, FAAM, GROC	Improvements in pain and function were detected maintained at one-year follow-up.

NPRS, numerical pain rating scale; DASH, disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire; GSM, grip strength measurement; VISA-A, Victorian institute for sport assessment questionnaire; PPT, pressure pain thresholds; GROC, global rating of change scale; FAAM, foot and ankle measure