Figure 7 .

Global attentional modulation. (a) “Global attention index.” To quantify overall modulatory effects on selectivity across all examined feature levels, global attentional modulation () was computed by summing spectral, articulatory, and semantic attention indices (see Materials and Methods). is in the range of [−1,1] and a value of zero indicates no modulation. Colors indicate significantly positive averaged across subjects (see legend; see Supplementary Fig. 10 for bar plots of across cortex). Dorsal and ventral pathways are shown with blue and green lines, respectively: left dorsal-1 (LD-1), left dorsal-2 (LD-2) and right dorsal (RD), left ventral-1 (LV-1), left ventral-2 (LV-2), right ventral-1 (RV-1) and right ventral-2 (RV-2). Squares mark regions where pathways begin; arrows mark regions where pathways end; and circles mark relay regions in between. (b) “Modulation hierarchies.” Bar plots display (mean ± SEM across subjects) along LD-1, LD-2, RD, LV-1, LV-2, RV-1 and RV-2, shown in separate panels. Significant differences in between consecutive ROIs are marked with brackets (P < 0.05, bootstrap test; see Supplementary Fig. 11 for single-subject results). Significant gradients in are in LD-1, in LD-2, in LV-1, in LV-2, and in RV-2. In the LH, gradually increases from early auditory regions to higher-order regions across the dorsal and ventral pathways. Similar patterns are also observed in the right hemisphere, although the gradients in are less consistent across subjects.