Table 1.

Affecting parameters on morphology of electrospun polymer nanofibers [21]

Parameters	Effect on fiber morphology
Solution parameters
↑ Molecular weight of polymer	↓ Beads and droplet formation Formation of irregular shape with larger pores
↑Polymer concentration (viscosity)	↓ Bead formation ↑Fiber diameter (within optimal range)
↑Solution conductivity	↓ Uniform bead-free fibers Fiber diameter with broad diameter distribution
↑Solvent volatility	Generation of pores on the surface fiber (microtexture)
Processing parameters
↑Applied voltage	↑↓ First fiber diameter, after that with bead formation
↑Distance between tip and collector (working distance)	↓ Fiber diameter Bead formation occurs in too short or too far distance Minimum distance is required for uniform fibers generation
↓ Feed rate/flow rate	↓ Fiber diameter Bead formation with very high feed rate
Ambient parameters
↑Temperature	↓↓ Fiber diameter and viscosity
↑Humidity	Generation of circular pores on the fibers
↑Air velocity	↑Fiber diameter