Table 2.
Distress Stratified by Socioeconomic Status, Race and Ethnicity, & Loneliness
| Financial Status | Race and Ethnicity | Loneliness | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distress Measures | Financial Stability (N=187) (SD) / n(%) | Financial Instability (N=291) (SD) / n(%) | Group Difference(1–2) | d * | White Persons (N=376) (SD) / n(%) | Persons of Color (N=125) (SD) / n(%) | Group Difference (1–2)) | d * | Not Lonely (N=368) (SD) / n(%) | Lonely (N=133) (SD) / n(%) | Group Difference (1–2)) | d * |
|
| ||||||||||||
|
PHQ9 Total Score
1
(range: 0 – 27) |
2.8 (3.8) | 5.0 (4.6) | −2.2 (0.4) | −0.5 | 4.0 (4.4) | 4.3 (4.7) | −0.3 (.5) | −0.1 | 2.9 (3.3) | 7.5 (5.4) | −4.7 (.5) | −1.0 |
| PHQ Interpretation2 | ||||||||||||
| Without Depressive Symptoms | 152 (81.3%) | 154 (52.9%) | 28.4% | 247 (65.7%) | 75 (60.0%) | 5.7% | 283 (76.9%) | 39 (29.3%) | 47.6% | |||
| Mild Depressive Symptoms |
19 (10.2%) | 91 (31.3%) | −21.1% | 85 (22.6%) | 30 (24.0%) | −1.4% | 66 (17.9%) | 49 (36.8%) | −18.9% | |||
| Moderate Depressive Symptoms |
11 (5.9%) | 30 (10.3%) | −4.4% | 28 (7.4%) | 13 (10.4%) | −3.0% | 14 (3.8%) | 27 (20.3%) | −16.5% | |||
| Moderately Severe Depressive Symptoms |
5 (2.7%) | 13 (4.5%) | −1.8% | 13(3.5%) | 7 (5.6%) | −2.1% | 4 (1.1%) | 16(12.0%) | −10.9% | |||
| Severe Depressive Symptoms |
0 (0.0%) | 3 (1.0%) | −1.0% | 3 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.8% | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (1.5%) | −1.2% | |||
|
GAD-7 Total Score
1
(range: 0 – 21) |
2.2 (3.6) | 4.0 (4.5) | −1.8 (0.4) | −0.4 | 3.3 (4.2) | 3.6 (4.5) | −0.3 (0.4) | −0.1 | − 2.2 (3.0) | 6.5 (5.5) | −4.4 (.5) | −1.0 |
|
GAD-7 Interpretation2 |
||||||||||||
| Without Anxiety Symptoms |
156 (83.4%) | 192 (66.0%) | 17.4% | 277 | 87 (69.6%) | 4.1% | 311 (84.5%) | 53 (39.8%) | 44.7% | |||
| Mild Anxiety | 21 (11.2%) | 69 (23.7%) | −12.5% | 71 (18.9%) | 23 (18.4%) | 0.5% | 47 (12.8%) | 47 (35.3%) | −22.5% | |||
| Moderate Anxiety | 6 (3.2%) | 16 (5.5%) | −2.3% | 14 (3.7%) | 10 (8.0%) | −4.3% | 7 (1.9%) | 17 (12.8%) | −10.9% | |||
| Severe Anxiety | 4 (2.1%) | 14 (4.8%) | −2.7% | 14 (3.7%) | 5 (4.0%) | −0.3% | 3 (0.8%) | 16 (12.0%) | −11.2% | |||
|
Short Health Anxiety1 Score |
10.1 (7.3) | 13.7 (8.1) | −3.6 (0.7) | −0.5 | 11.9 (7.4) | 13.5 (9.4) | −1.5 (0.9) | −0.2 | − 10.7 (7.1) | 16.8 (8.7) | −6.0 (.8) | −0.8 |
|
Short Health
Anxiety Interpretation 2 |
||||||||||||
| Without Anxiety Symptoms |
167 (89.3%) | 236 (81.1%) | 8.2% | 323 (85.9%) | 99 (79.2%) | 6.7% | 333 (90.5%) | 89 (66.9%) | 23.6% | |||
| Anxiety Symptoms Present |
20 (10.7%) | 55 (18.9%) | −8.2% | 53 (14.1%) | 26.(20.8%) | −6.7% | 35 (9.5%) | 44 (33.1%) | −23.6% | |||
1
Independent sample t-test;
2
Fisher Exact p-value
Approximated degrees of freedom for independent sample t-tests range from 161.09 – 499
BOLD indicates p-value < .05 and less than Benjamin-Hochberg critical value, considered to be statistically significant
*
d indicates Effect Size (Cohen’s d)