RMD refers to the percentage of change comparing intervention with control group (RMD = (x2 − x1) / x1; x1: mean of continuous outcome in the intervention group or after implementation of intervention, x2: mean of continuous outcome in the control group or before implementation of intervention). *The direct and indirect effects were observed significantly inconsistent (p < 0.05), and the network estimate may violate the assumption of consistency and transitivity of NMA, thus only direct evidence was used for interpretation. **Estimates with significant effect given α = 0.05 and β = 80%. CI, confidence interval; HW, health warning; NMA, network meta-analysis; NS, Nutri-Score; NW, nutrient warning; RMD, relative mean difference; OR, odds ratio; TLS, traffic light labelling system.