Table 1.
Subject demographics, age at diagnosis, treatments previous to present surgery, immediately preoperative parameters, and surgical and implant parameters
| Subject ID | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Gender | F | F | M | M | F | M |
| Age at diagnosis / first standing radiograph | 12.3 | 10.3 | 10.1 / 11.2 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 13.0 |
| Curve magnitude at diagnosis / first standing (deg) | 23 | 11 | 26 by MRI / 39 # | 17 | 19 | 11 |
| Prior AIS treatment | None | None | None | Braced | None | Chiropractic |
| Age (years) at surgery | 13.0 | 12.6 | 11.7 | 10.6 | 10.1 | 14.9 |
| Bone age at surgery (years) Site / DMC | 12 / 11 | 12 / 11 | 13.5 / 12 | 10 / 10 | 11.5 / 12 | 13.5 / 13 |
| Height (cm) | 151 | 141 | 174 | 134 | 139 | 164 |
| Weight (kg) | 40.2 | 33.9 | 54.0 | 26.5 | 52.7 | 50.9 |
| BMI | 17.7 | 17.0 | 17.9 | 14.7 | 27.4 | 19 |
| BMI (%-ile age, gender) | 35 | 28 | 55 | 8 | 98 | 39 |
| Risser grade | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Triradiate status | Open | Open | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Menarchal status | Pre | Pre | NA | NA | Pre | NA |
| Clinical outcome score (SRS-22r) | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 4.5 |
| Back pain, VAS (cm) | 0.8 | 4.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 0.5 |
| Pre-op curve parameters | ||||||
| Curve type (Lenke) | 1A | 1A | 1A | 1A | 1A | 1B |
| Curve side | Right | Right | Right | Right | Right | Right |
| Major thoracic curvature (deg) | 35 | 30.5 | 35 | 36 | 31 | 38.5 |
| Levels, Major curve | T6 - L1 | T6 - T12 | T5 - T10, T6-T11 | T5 - T11, T6-T11 | T5 - T10, T5T11 | T7 - T12 |
| Bend angle, major thoracic, (deg), R / L | 15 / 38 | 2 / 25 | 18.5 / 40 | 4 / 37 | 10 / 29 | 12 / 36 |
| Flexibility (%) = 100*[1 - CobbRtBend / CobbStanding pre-op] | 57 | 93 | 47 | 89 | 68 | 69 |
| Thoracolumbar/lumbar curvature (deg) | 24 | 26 | 18.5 | 27.5 | 18.5 | 28 |
| Levels, TL/L | L1-L4, L1-L5 | T12-L4, L1L4 | T10-L4, T11L4 | T11-L4 | T10-L3, T11L4 | T12-L4 |
| Bend angle, TL/L, (deg), R / L | 28 / 3 | 31 / -2.5 | 30 / 1 | 31 / 5.5 | 24 / 0 | 30 / 3 |
| Proximal thoracic curvature (deg) | 14 | 12 | 25.5 | 17 | 19 | 22 |
| Levels, PT | T1-T5, T2-T6 | T2-T6 | T1-T5, T2T5 | T2-T5, T2T6 | T1-T5, T2-T5 | T3-T6, T3T7 |
| Bend angle, PT, (deg), R / L | 22 / 4 | 20 / 1 | 35 / 11 | 14.5 / 4.5 | 16 / 4 | 25 / 6 |
| Thoracic kyphosis (deg) | 33.5 | 27.7 | 10.5 | 22.5 | 25.5 | 18.0 |
| Levels, kyphosis | T3-T12 | T3-T12, T1-T12, T3-L1 | T4-T12, T5T12 | T4-T12, T3T12 | T3-T12, T2T12 | T3-T12, T2T12 |
| Apical trunk rotation (deg) | 10 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 8 |
| Height velocity (cm/year), based on immediately pre-op to 6 months post-op times | 8.8 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 8.0 | 7.8 | 10.8 |
| Surgical parameters | ||||||
| Surgery time (minutes) | 203 | 173 | 162 | 123 | 182 | 129 |
| Implantation time (minutes) | 120 | 86 | 63 | 57 | 124 | 55 |
| Fluoroscopy time (s) | 140 | 120 | 95 | 106 | 157 | 102 |
| Anesthesia | General / SLV | General / SLV | General / SLV | General / SLV | General / SLV | General / SLV |
| Procedure | VATS | VATS | VATS | VATS | VATS | VATS |
| Estimated blood loss (ml) | 100 | <50 | 100 | <50 | 100 | 100 |
| Length of stay (days) | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| Suctioning of lung performed | No | Yes (lightly) | Yes (thoroughly R & L) | Yes | Yes (aggressively) | Yes |
| Intraoperative bronchoscopy | No (but performe d PO D4) | Yes | No | Yes (removed mucus plugs) | No | Yes (removed mucus plugs) |
| Pneumothorax on immediate post-op radiograph | No | Yes (resolved PO D1) | No | No | No | No |
| Number of portals | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Implant parameters | ||||||
| Number of implants | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Levels instrumented | T6–7 to T12-L1 | T6–7 to T11–12 | T5–6 to T910 | T5–6 to T10–11 | T5–6 to T1011 | T6–7 to T11–12 |
| Size of implants (mm), cranial to caudal | 12, 10, 10, 10, 12, 14, 14 | 10, 10, 12, 12, 12, 12 | 12, 14, 14, 14, 14 | 10, 12, 12, 12, 14, 14 | 10, 12, 12, 12, 14, 14 | 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14 |
| Initial post-op major thoracic curve at first standing radiograph (deg) | 27 | 13.5 | 35.5 | 20 | 26.5 | 19 |
AIS: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; BMI, body mass index; DMC, data monitoring committee; MRI magnetic resonance imaging; post-op, postoperative; SLV: Single lung ventilation; SRS-22r, Scoliosis Research Society – 22 Patient Questionnaire, revised; VAS, visual analog scale; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic spine surgery.
#
Patient from external institution; out of protocol for documented progression