Fig. 8. Partial density of states (PDOS) for (a) bare anatase TiO₂ (101) surface, showing the surface atoms and the bulk-layer states, (b) one Cu atom, (c) Cu₅O₂ and (d) Cu₅O₅ adsorbed on the surface. All Ti and O PDOS are from surface atoms only. 0 eV indicates the Fermi energy, and the plots are aligned at the TiO₂ CBM.