Table 1.

Issues on ‘Disaster Risk Understanding’ highlighted in the DRR policy documents.

Focused Themes	Key Issues Emphasized	Reflectivity on Priority Areas
Disaster Information and Data Management	—The Disaster Management Act (DMA) highlights maintaining the information flow in an emergency situation (DMA: section-28) —The National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM) incorporates action to accumulate earthquakes data products —The regional and international DRM networks will be encountered through cooperation, information and knowledge sharing programs as highlighted in the NPDM	Disaster Risk Understanding
Research and knowledge generation programs	—The DMA authorize the responsibility to establish a ‘National Disaster Management Research and Training Institute’ to take relevant programs including research (DMA: section-12) —The National Disaster Management Policy encourages innovation in adaptation strategy according to community skill, resource, knowledge and experience. —The policy highlights the monitoring strategy augmented to modern time and scientific knowledge. —Disaster and Climate Science related university programs have been launched in public and private universities since 2012 —The NPDM has the following interventions under this particular domain: oStudies on resilience building for biological hazards oStudies on resilience building for human induced hazards oPrior knowledge management and research on scientific and socio-economic issues for all DRR and development action by allocating at least 5% of the project budget. oInnovation programs on weather and climate monitoring, prediction and forecasting oEstablishing seismology and earthquake engineering disciplines in universities
Hazard, risk, vulnerability and capacity assessment	—The policy highlights the following interventions under this particular domain: oExploring the root causes of all potential hazards oDevelop sector-based demand and loss assessment method oConduct earthquake and urban risk assessment —The NPDM targets to take the following action- odevelop and install disaster impact assessment (DIA) tool oConduct and Review Community based Risk Assessment (CRA/URA) oImplement Risk Reduction Action Plan (RRAP) based on the CRA priority oConduct a comprehensive risk assessment to label priority wise investment scheme. oUpdate and expand hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment for earthquake and flood
Zoning or Mapping	—The policy involves micro-zonation mapping for earthquake. —Risk assessment programs under the NPDM come up with mapping as by-product.