Table 2.

Physical fitness tests.

Test (Reference)	Functions/parameters	Description
Senior fitness test (Rikli and Jones, 2001)	Upper and lower extremity strength and flexibility, static and dynamic balance, and aerobic capacity	Chair stands in 30 s; 2-min step test; arm-curl test (30 s); chair sit-and-reach; back scratch; 8-foot up-and-go test
Short physical performance battery (Guralnik et al., 2000)	Lower extremity function: static balance, gait speed, and getting in and out of a chair	Side-by-side, semi-tandem, and tandem stands (10 s); 4-m walk test at comfortable speed, and 5 quick sit-to-stands from a chair without upper extremity assistance
Handgrip strength test (Jamar dynamometer) (Fess, 1992)	Hand grip strength	Squeeze the dynamometer with maximum isometric effort for about 5 s
Berg balance test (Berg et al., 1992)	Postural stability	Performance of 14 functional tasks