Table 1.
Characteristics of Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients Colonized and Not Colonized With Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Enterobacterales
| Characteristic | FQRE Colonized (n = 54) |
Not Colonized With FQRE (n = 180) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 61 (50–66) | 61 (52–67) | .85 |
| Female sex | 21 (40) | 81 (45) | .43 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 42 (79) | 138 (77) | .87 |
| Black | 9 (17) | 29 (16) | .92 |
| Asian | 3 (6) | 13 (7) | 1.00 |
| Hispanic | 6 (11) | 17 (9) | .72 |
| Underlying malignancy | |||
| AML or MDS | 17 (31) | 55 (31) | .90 |
| ALL | 5 (9) | 16 (9) | 1.00 |
| Multiple myeloma | 13 (24) | 57 (32) | .29 |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 13 (24) | 32 (18) | .30 |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 1 (2) | 10 (6) | .46 |
| Other malignancy | 5 (9) | 10 (6) | .35 |
| ASBMT risk category [16] | |||
| Low risk | 28 (52) | 93 (52) | .98 |
| Medium risk | 10 (19) | 27 (15) | .53 |
| High risk | 11 (20) | 46 (26) | .44 |
| NA | 5 (9) | 14 (8) | .78 |
| Prior transplantation | 3 (6) | 14 (8) | .77 |
| Stem cell source | |||
| Autologous | 24 (44) | 91 (51) | .43 |
| Allogeneic | 30 (56) | 89 (49) | .43 |
| Matched related donor | 7 (13) | 20 (11) | .71 |
| Matched unrelated donor | 10 (19) | 31 (17) | .83 |
| Haploidentical-cord blood | 12 (22) | 35 (19) | .66 |
| Other | 1 (2) | 3 (2) | 1.00 |
| Conditioning regimena | |||
| Fludarabine-melphalan-TBIb | 19 (35) | 52 (29) | .38 |
| Melphalan | 10 (19) | 44 (24) | .37 |
| Carmustine-etoposide- cytarabine-melphalan | 10 (19) | 26 (14) | .47 |
| Fludarabine-melphalan | 6 (11) | 19 (11) | .91 |
| Lenalidomide-melphalan | 2 (4) | 11 (6) | .74 |
| Etoposide-TBIc | 2 (4) | 8 (4) | 1.00 |
| Other regimen | 5 (9) | 20 (11) | .70 |
| Use of rituximab in conditioning [33] | 19 (35) | 46 (26) | .17 |
| Myeloablative allogeneic HCT | 5 (9) | 16 (9) | .93 |
| Reduced-intensity conditioning for allogeneic HCT | 25 (46) | 73 (41) | .87 |
| Anti–T-cell therapies for GVHD prophylaxis | |||
| Antithymocyte globulin | 12 (22) | 36 (20) | .72 |
| Alemtuzumab | 16 (30) | 47 (26) | .61 |
| Hospitalization within previous 90 d | 30 (56) | 90 (50) | .47 |
| Antibacterial within previous 90 d | 42 (78) | 114 (63) | .048 |
| β-lactam agent | 24 (44) | 69 (38) | .42 |
| Fluoroquinolone | 19 (35) | 56 (31) | .57 |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 22 (41) | 43 (24) | .015 |
| Macrolide | 1 (2) | 13 (7) | .20 |
| Intravenous vancomycin | 8 (15) | 16 (9) | .21 |
| History of positive microbiologic tests for specified bacteria | |||
| FQRE | 4 (7) | 8 (4) | .39 |
| Ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales | 2 (4) | 2 (1) | .23 |
| Vancomycin-resistant enterococci | 5 (9) | 6 (3) | .13 |
| Clostridioides difficile | 5 (9) | 9 (5) | .25 |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated. Bolded P values indicate statistical significance.
Abbreviations: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; ASBMT, American Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation; FQRE, fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales; GVHD, graft-vs-host disease; HCT, hematopoietic cell transplantation; IQR, interquartile range; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; NA, not applicable; TBI, total body irradiation.
aNo transplant recipients with nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens were enrolled in this study.
bThis regimen used 200–400 cGray of TBI.
cThis regimen used 12 Gray of TBI.