Figure 4.

Effects on the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected cells. The level of cell-associated total HIV DNA during immune checkpoint blockade in cycles 1 and 4 is shown in absolute numbers for the entire cohort (A). The frequency of cells containing replication-competent HIV measured by a quantitative viral outgrowth assay and expressed as infectious units per million shown for the entire cohort (B) and for groups receiving nivolumab alone (C) or nivolumab plus ipilimumab (D). Abbreviations: FC, fold-change; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ICB, immune checkpoint blockade; Ipi, ipilimumab; LOQ, limit of quantification; Nivo, nivolumab.