Table 1.
Distribution of Covariates Across Infections With Haplotype Results for pfcsp
| Infection Typea | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incident Infections (N = 409) | Persistent Infections Occurring With 30 Days (N = 139) | ||||||
| All (N = 622) | Asymptomatic Infections (N = 358) | Symptomatic Infections (N = 51) | P Value | Asymptomatic Infections (N = 109) | Symptomatic Infections (N = 30) | P Value | |
| Haplotype category, N (%) | <.001b | .002b | |||||
| Only new | 169 (27.2) | 133 (37.2) | 36 (70.6) | … | … | ||
| New and recurrent | 139 (22.3) | 134 (37.4) | 5 (9.8) | … | … | ||
| Only recurrent | 101 (16.2) | 91 (25.4) | 10 (19.6) | … | … | ||
| Persistent + ≥1 new or recurrent | 156 (25.1) | … | … | 86 (78.9) | 13 (43.3) | ||
| Only persistent | 57 (9.2) | … | … | 23 (21.1) | 17 (56.7) | ||
| Age, N (%) | .016b | 1.000b | |||||
| ≤15 years | 408 (65.6) | 213 (59.5) | 42 (82.4) | 76 (69.7) | 23 (76.7) | ||
| >15 years | 214 (34.4) | 145 (40.5) | 9 (17.6) | 33 (30.3) | 7 (23.3) | ||
| Number of prior malaria infectionsc, N (%) | 1.000b | .801b | |||||
| ≤3 | 425 (68.3) | 252 (70.4) | 40 (78.4) | 65 (59.6) | 23 (76.7) | ||
| >3 | 197 (31.7) | 106 (29.6) | 11 (21.6) | 44 (40.4) | 7 (23.3) | ||
| Transmission seasond, N (%) | .004b | .755b | |||||
| Low | 387 (62.2) | 245 (68.4) | 22 (43.1) | 70 (64.2) | 14 (46.7) | ||
| High | 235 (37.8) | 113 (31.6) | 29 (56.9) | 39 (35.8) | 16 (53.3) | ||
| Multiplicity of infection, N (%) | .022b | <.001b | |||||
| 1–2 pfcsp haplotypes | 317 (51.0) | 200 (55.9) | 40 (78.4) | 29 (26.6) | 21 (70.0) | ||
| >2 pfcsp haplotypes | 305 (49.0) | 158 (44.1) | 11 (21.6) | 80 (73.4) | 9 (30.0) | ||
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; NE, not evaluated
aIncident infections were defined as Plasmodium falciparum infections in which none of the haplotypes in the infection were previously observed in the participant’s most recent dried blood spot. Persistent infections were defined as those in which at least 1 haplotype persisted between consecutive dried blood spot collections, excluding infections where participants had a symptomatic infection, were prescribed antimalarials, and had another infection with persistent haplotypes within 30 days following the initial infection. Some persistent infections occurred greater than 30 days apart; these were excluded from the persistent infection analysis.
bPearson’s χ 2 test with Bonferroni correction for repeated measures for 6 infections.
cDuring their participation in the cohort before the event.
dLow: ≤50 mosquitoes collected in the two weeks prior; high: > 50 mosquitoes.