Table 2.
Patient Cohort of Pertinent Clinical Features and an Assessment of Predictive Performance Beyond the Day 5 Risk Score
| Variable | n | % (n) Missing | IE (n = 23) | No IE (n = 176) | Unadjusted P Valuea | D5 Risk Score–adjusted P Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at admission,c years | 199 | 0% | 67.6 (51.4, 82.3) | 63.4 (50.0, 71.5) | .452c | .785 |
| Male | 199 | 0% | 69.6% (16) | 67.0% (118) | .809 | .898 |
| Caucasian | 199 | 0% | 95.7% (22) | 85.2% (150) | .170 | .207 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 197 | 1.0% (2) | 13.0% (3) | 33.3% (58) | .048 | .188 |
| Device | 199 | 0% | ||||
| Neither | 56.5% (13) | 88.1% (155) | ||||
| PPM | 17.4% (4) | 5.1% (9) | ||||
| ICD | 26.1% (6) | 6.8% (12) | ||||
| SAB onset | 199 | 0% | ||||
| Community | 65.2% (15) | 38.6% (68) | ||||
| Healthcare | 34.8% (8) | 45.5% (80) | ||||
| Nosocomial | 0.0% (0) | 15.9% (28) | ||||
| Central IV catheter prior to SAB | 199 | 0% | 21.7% (5) | 25.0% (44) | .733 | .122 |
| Hemodialysis | 198 | 0.5% (1) | 13.0% (3) | 11.4% (20) | .820 | .531 |
| Malignancy | 196 | 1.5% (3) | 13.0% (3) | 22.5% (39) | .297 | .693 |
| Immunocompromised (>30 days) | 199 | 0% | 8.7% (2) | 26.1% (46) | .066 | .223 |
| Solid-organ transplant | 196 | 1.5% (3) | 0.0% (0) | 5.2% (9) | .275 | .201 |
| HCST | 199 | 0% | 0.0% (0) | 4.5% (8) | .600d | .193 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 198 | 0.5% (1) | 39.1% (9) | 21.1% (37) | .055 | .880 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 194 | 2.5% (5) | 17.4% (4) | 7.0% (12) | .090 | .056 |
| BMI,c kg/m2 | 198 | 0.5% (1) | 26.5 (23.2, 29.1) | 28.5 (24.6, 33.0) | .075c | .093 |
| Intravenous drug use | 195 | 2.0% (4) | 0.0% (0) | 1.7% (3) | >.999d | .672 |
| Immobilization | 199 | 0% | 4.3% (1) | 5.1% (9) | .874 | .798 |
| Surgery 30 days prior to SAB | 199 | 0% | 0.0% (0) | 19.9% (35) | .018 | .040 |
| Prosthetic valve | 199 | 0% | 21.7% (5) | 3.4% (6) | <.001 | .002 |
| CRT | 196 | 1.5% (3) | 8.7% (2) | 0.6% (1) | .037d | .147 |
| VAD | 199 | 0% | 8.7% (2) | 4.5% (8) | .392 | .649 |
| Prosthetic joint | 198 | 0.5% (1) | 8.7% (2) | 10.3% (18) | .812 | .310 |
| Residence at time of SAB = home | 195 | 2.0% (4) | 100.0% (23) | 81.4% (140) | .024 | .009 |
| Received IV infusion/wound care in prior 30 days | 198 | 0.5% (1) | 13.0% (3) | 40.0% (70) | .012 | .135 |
| Hospitalized for ≥2 days in prior 90 days | 195 | 2.0% (4) | 17.4% (4) | 43.0% (74) | .018 | .152 |
| MSSA | 199 | 0% | 82.6% (19) | 70.5% (124) | .223 | .237 |
| Duration of symptomsa | 199 | 0% | 3.0 (2.0, 7.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 5.0) | .146c | .375 |
| Level of care on admission = ICU | 199 | 0% | 30.4% (7) | 17.0% (30) | .121 | .307 |
| Fever on presentation | 199 | 0% | 73.9% (17) | 60.8% (107) | .222 | .165 |
| Heart failure symptoms on presentation | 197 | 1.0% (2) | 21.7% (5) | 4.0% (7) | <.001 | .001 |
| SIRS | 198 | 0.5% (1) | 78.3% (18) | 72.6% (127) | .562 | .374 |
| Unknown source of SAB | 199 | 0% | 47.8% (11) | 19.3% (34) | .002 | .159 |
| Hours to first positive blood culturec | 199 | 0% | 11.0 (8.0, 14.0) | 15.0 (11.5, 18.0) | <.001c | .002 |
| Percentage of bottles positive | 199 | 0% | .006 | .022 | ||
| ≤50% | 4.3% (1) | 36.4% (64) | ||||
| 51–99% | 17.4% (4) | 16.5% (29) | ||||
| 100% | 78.3% (18) | 47.2% (83) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; D5, day 5; HCST, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; ICU, intensive care unit; IE, infective endocarditis; IV, intravenous; MSSA, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus; PPM, permanent pacemaker; SAB, Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; VAD, ventricular assist device.
aUnadjusted P values are from tests of association (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Pearson chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate).
bD5 risk-adjusted P values are from the likelihood ratio test in logistic regression models with D5 risk score as a continuous covariate, which are used to assess the adjusted association between that variable and the IE outcome (ie, to assess incremental value beyond the risk score).
cContinuous variables are reported as median (25th, 75th percentiles) and are tested for unadjusted association with IE status using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
dThe P value from Fisher’s exact test was used when an expected cell frequency was <2.