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. 2021 Sep 8;6(17):e147472. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.147472

Figure 1. Circulating glycosaminoglycans are increased in patients with COVID-19 and associate with disease severity.

Figure 1

Circulating glycosaminoglycans were measured in plasma collected from patients with COVID-19 (n = 46) and patients with sepsis (n = 23) within 72 hours of ICU admission or age-, race-, and sex-matched healthy donors (n = 18) as described in Methods. (A–C) Levels of HA (A), HS (B), and CS (C) in COVID-19 compared with healthy patients and patients with sepsis. (D–F) Comparison of HA (D), HS (E), and CS (F) levels by disease status in ICU- (n = 20) and non-ICU–admitted (n = 23) patients with COVID-19. A thick dashed line indicates the median, and thin dashed lines indicate either quartile. Data are reported as mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001. Differences between multiple groups were calculated using 1-way ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test) with Dunn’s correction for multiple comparisons.