Table 1.
Characteristics of eligible studies in world literature.
| Author | Year | Country | Groups | Cases | Age | Liver biochemical parameters | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fan [5] | 2020 | China | Normal LB Abnormal LB |
93 55 |
50 (36–63) 52 (37–65) |
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH, bilirubin | Mortality 0% Mortality 1.8% |
| Huang [6] | 2020 | China | Normal LB Abnormal LB Liver Injury |
370 253 52 |
53.5 (37–64) 58.0 (47.0–67.0) 51.5 (35.7–60.2) |
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, bilirubin | Severe 1.35% Severe 12.65% Severe 30.77% |
| Jiang [11] | 2020 | China | Non-critically ill Critically ill |
104 27 |
47.2 ± 13.3 67.0 ± 16.2 |
ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin | Liver injury 51.9% Liver injury 81.5% |
| Zhang [15] | 2020 | China | Mild COVID-19 Severe COVID-19 |
84 31 |
43.9 ± 14.8 64.5 ± 13.2 |
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH, bilirubin | Mortality 0% Mortality 1% |
| Medetalibeyoglu [16] | 2020 | Turkey | AST–ALT ≤ 40 AST–ALT > 40 |
401 153 |
57.0 ± 15.5 56.4 ± 16.4 |
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH, bilirubin | Mortality 4.7% Mortality 13.7 |
| Chen [17] | 2021 | China | Non-LBA Mild LBA Liver injury |
603 195 32 |
49.0 (32.0) 56.0 (26.0) 54.5 (31.25) |
ALT, AST, GGT, bilirubin | Mortality 10.0% Mortality 17.0% Mortality 15.2% |
| Ding [18] | 2020 | China | Deceased Discharged |
200 1873 |
70.0 (63.7–78.0) 61.0 (48.0–69.0) |
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH, bilirubin | Liver abnormalities 73.0% Liver abnormalities 43.4% |
| Yeoman [19] | 2020 | Wales | Cholestatic injury Mixed injury Hepatocellular injury |
72 21 2 |
69 60 61 |
ALT, ALP, bilirubin | Mortality 41.8% Mortality 23.8% Mortality 50% |
| Guo [20] | 2020 | China | Normal LB Abnormal LB |
234 98 |
48 (34.8–63.3) 54 (39–64.3) |
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, bilirubin | Severe 3.4% Severity 18.4% |
| Yip [21] | 2020 | China | SARS- CoV SARS- CoV-2 |
1507 816 |
44 ± 20 38 ± 18 |
ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, GGT, bilirubin | Mortality 17.1% Mortality 0.4% |
| Chu [22] | 2020 | China | Normal liver function Liver injury |
409 429 |
56 (43–66) 61 (49–69) |
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, bilirubin | Mortality 6.1% Mortality 24.9% |
| Xie [23] | 2020 | China | Without liver injury With liver injury |
50 29 |
56 (45.5–65.0) 62.0 (46.0–67.0) |
ALT, AST, bilirubin | Length of stay (days) 11.4 Length of stay (days) 15.4 |
| Zhou [24] | 2020 | China | Survivors Non-survivors |
137 54 |
52 (45–58) 69 (63–76) |
ALT, LDH | Mortality 16.2% |
| Phipps [25] | 2020 | USA | ALT <2 × ULN ALT 2-5 × ULN ALT >5 × ULN |
1784 344 145 |
66 (53–78) 61 (50–73) 63 (50–71) |
ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin | Mortality 21% Mortality 23% Mortality 42% |
| Weber [26] | 2020 | Germany | Severe COVID-19 | 217 | 63 (18–97) | ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, bilirubin | Liver abnormalities 57.6% |
| Mendizabal [27] | 2021 | Argentina | Normal LB Abnormal LB |
882 729 |
50.7 ± 18.2 54.2 ± 16.1 |
ALT, ALP, bilirubin | Mortality 12.2% Mortality 18.7% |
| Qi [28] | 2020 | China | Without liver injury With liver injury |
38 32 |
38.5 (26.0–47.2) 41.0 (27.5–50.0) |
ALT, AST, bilirubin | Length of stay (days) 15 Length of stay (days)16 |
| Chen [29] | 2020 | China | Recovered patients Deaths |
161 113 |
51.0 (37.0–66.0) 68.0 (62.0–77.0) |
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH, bilirubin | Liver injury 9% Liver injury 2% |
| Desai [30] | 2020 | USA | Without liver injury With liver injury |
163 476 |
61.9 ± 17.3 58.8 ± 15.6 |
ALT, AST, ALP | Mortality 22.7% Mortality 35.5% |
| Shen [31] | 2021 | China | No liver injury Liver injury |
179 177 |
53.5 (43.5–66.5) 59 (45–68.5) |
ALT, AST, bilirubin | Length of stay (days) 20.5 Length of stay (days) 30 |
| Kumar [32] | 2020 | India | Normal LB Abnormal LB |
24 67 |
42 (20–77) 45 (15–82) |
ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin | Mortality 0% Mortality 3% |
| Meszaros [33] | 2020 | France | Normal LB Abnormal LB |
78 156 |
69 ± 14 66.5 ± 14 |
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, bilirubin | Mortality 7.7% Mortality 19.9% |
| Piano [34] | 2020 | Italy | Normal LB Abnormal LB |
236 329 |
65 (15) 66 (15) |
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, bilirubin | Mortality 11% Mortality 21% |
| Roedl [35] | 2021 | Germany | No liver dysfunction Severe liver dysfunction |
50 22 |
64 (55–73) 62 (51–73) |
ALT, AST, bilirubin | Mortality 16% Mortality 68% |
| Wang [36] | 2020 | China | Non-liver injury Liver injury |
354 303 |
64 (51.0–71.0) 62 (47.0–70.0) |
ALT, Bilirubin | Severe/critical 30.8% Severe/critical 48.8% |
| Zhang [37] | 2021 | China | Normal LB Abnormal LB Liver injury |
186 185 69 |
61 (18) 63 (23) 65 (17) |
ALT, AST, bilirubin | Mortality 11.2% Mortality 45.9% Mortality 42.9% |
LB; liver biochemistry; LBA; liver biochemistry abnormality; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase;