Table 1:
Characteristics of mothers continuing and discontinuing treatment (n=2,314)
| Continued treatment for 1 year postpartum (n=1,484) |
Discontinued treatment during 1 year postpartum (n = 826)* |
P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Maternal Age | 0.001 | ||
| ≤ 25 years old | 367 (24.7%) | 265 (32.1%) | |
| 26-34 years old | 951 (64.1%) | 480 (58.1%) | |
| ≥ 35 years old | 166 (11.2%) | 81 (9.8%) | |
| Maternal Race/Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| White non-Hispanic | 1,368 (92.2%) | 717 (86.8%) | |
| Black non-Hispanic | 24 (1.6%) | 32 (3.9%) | |
| Hispanic | 73 (4.9%) | 57 (6.9%) | |
| Other | 19 (1.3%) | 20 (2.4%) | |
| Maternal Education | 0.427 | ||
| High school or less | 810 (54.6%) | 465 (56.3%) | |
| Some college or more | 674 (45.4%) | 361 (43.7%) | |
| MassHealth Delivery (%Yes) | 1,412 (95.2%) | 756 (91.5%) | 0.001 |
| Marital Status (% Married) | 220 (14.8%) | 126 (15.3%) | 0.782 |
| Rural Residence | 166 (11.2%) | 99 (12.0%) | 0.563 |
| Psychosocial, Opioid Use, and Health Care Utilization (in pregnancy unless noted) | |||
| ED Visits (%3 or More) | 250 (16.9%) | 174 (21.1%) | 0.012 |
| Anxiety Diagnosis (%Yes) | 305 (20.6%) | 205 (24.8%) | 0.018 |
| Depression Diagnosis (%Yes) | 345 (23.3%) | 222 (26.9%) | 0.052 |
| Incarceration in pregnancy or postpartum (%Yes) | 158 (10.7%) | 188 (22.8%) | <0.001 |
| Homelessness (claims data) (%Yes) | 76 (5.1%) | 61 (7.4%) | 0.027 |
| Overdose Event (%Yes) | 19 (1.3%) | 18 (2.2%) | 0.099 |
| Type of MOUD | 0.142 | ||
| Any buprenorphine† | 891 (60.0%) | 470 (56.9%) | |
| Exclusively methadone | 593 (40.0%) | 356 (43.1%) | |
| MOUD Treatment Months | <0.001 | ||
| All pregnancy | 770 (51.9%) | 220 (26.6%) | |
| 5 to 8 months | 511 (34.4%) | 345 (41.8%) | |
| 4 or fewer months | 203 (13.7%) | 261 (31.6%) | |
| Any Opioid Prescription (Excluding Bup) (3MB)(%Yes) | 33 (2.2%) | 33 (4.0%) | 0.014 |
| Obstetric and Birth Characteristics | |||
| Breastfeeding at Discharge (%Yes) | 698 (47.0%) | 359 (43.5%) | 0.099 |
| Preterm or Low Birth Weight (%Yes) | 290 (19.5%) | 198 (24.0%) | 0.012 |
| Adequacy of Prenatal Care | 0.001 | ||
| Less than Adequate | 577 (38.9%) | 388 (47.0%) | |
| Adequate | 419 (28.2%) | 203 (24.6%) | |
| Intensive | 488 (32.9%) | 235 (28.5%) | |
| Multiple pregnancy (%Yes) | 26 (1.8%) | 20 (2.4%) | 0.270 |
| Infant NAS Diagnosis (%Yes) | 656 (44.2%) | 412 (49.9%) | 0.009 |
(3MB = 3 months before delivery; Bup = Buprenorphine; CI = Confidence Interval; ED = Emergency Department; HR = Hazards Ratio; MOUD = Medication for Opioid Use Disorder; NAS = Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome)
*
4 women died during the postpartum year, they are not included in the discontinued group
†
Individuals receiving both methadone and buprenorphine are classified in “any buprenorphine” group