Table 1:
Age-standardized Characteristics of Participants from NHS (n=77,238) and HPFS (n=48,026) According to Adulthood Weight Change1, Measured at Study Baseline:
| Weight Change (kg) During Adulthood1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort | Loss ≥−5 kg | Stable Weight −5 to <5kg | Gain 5 to 9.9 kg | Gain 10 to <20 kg | Gain ≥20 kg |
|
| |||||
|
Women (NHS), N. Median, IQR |
10,759 −24.4 [−49.0, −9.9] | 21,508 0 [−1.0, 2.3] | 24,416 6.8 [5.5, 8.6] | 23,315 14.1 [12.2, 16.8] | 10,046 32.7 [24.5, 60.8] |
|
| |||||
| Age at enrollment (SD), y | 42.8 (7.3) | 42.1 (7.1) | 43.3 (7.0) | 43.2 (6.9) | 42.2 (8.0) |
| White race, % | 96.2 | 96.3 | 95.8 | 95.8 | 94.9 |
| BMI at age of 18 years [IQR], kg/m2 | 21.2 [19.6, 23.3] | 19.9 [15.0, 21.7] | 20.4 [19.0, 22.0] | 21.6 [20.0, 22.7] | 19.3 [20.0, 22.8] |
| Baseline (i.e. mid-life) BMI [IQR], kg/m2 | 20.8 [18.5, 24.4] | 21.3 [19.5, 23.3] | 22.4 [20.1, 24.7] | 24.7 [21.4, 27.5] | 28.7 [22.9, 33.3] |
| Physical Activity, MET-hours/week* [IQR] | 7.7 [2.5, 19.0] | 12.2 [4.2, 26.2] | 9.3 [3.2, 21.2] | 7.7 [2.3, 18.3] | 5.4 [2.2, 15.2] |
| Hypertension, % | 26.9 | 20.5 | 27.1 | 34.8 | 40.1 |
| Dyslipidemia, % | 27.1 | 22.4 | 32.4 | 36.9 | 35.5 |
| Type 2 diabetes, % | 7.4 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 8.0 | 15.1 |
| Smoking status, % • Current • Former • Never |
23.3 36.3 40.4 |
13.4 42.4 44.2 |
9.7 44.9 45.4 |
8.2 45.3 46.5 |
9.3 43.1 47.6 |
| Alcohol intake, grams/day, median [IQR] | 1.8 [0, 3.2] | 1.8 [0, 5.6] | 1.2 [0, 5.5] | 0 [0, 2.4] | 1.0 [0, 2.4] |
| Regular aspirin use, % | 36.5 | 29.2 | 40.6 | 42.2 | 41.8 |
| Adherence to a healthy diet*, % | 17.6 | 30.0 | 31.0 | 27.2 | 19.8 |
| Waist circumference in 1986 [IQR],2 cm | Among 6,948 (64.6%): 74.3 [66.0, 84.7] |
Among 13,830 (64.3%): 73.5 [68.3, 83.5] |
Among 14,077 (57.7%): 75.1 [69.2, 86.0] |
Among 13,150 (56.4%): 71.9 [65.1, 82.6] |
Among 8,219 (81.8%): 74.8 [68.8, 83.9] |
|
| |||||
|
Men (HPFS), N. Median [IQR] |
5,299 −17.6 [−61.6, −7.5] | 13,619 0 [−1.8, 1.6] | 15,905 6.8 [5.0, 8.2] | 8,761 13.6 [11.3, 15.9] | 3,969 27.0 [21.5, 37.6] |
|
| |||||
| Age at enrollment (SD), y | 54.0 (9.9) | 52.5 (9.6) | 53.4 (9.3) | 52.9 (8.6) | 54.5 (8.8) |
| White race, % | 94.9 | 95.1 | 95.9 | 96.2 | 96.0 |
| BMI at age of 21 years [IQR], kg/m2 | 23.7 [21.7, 26.2] | 23.0 [22.2, 25.1] | 22.8 [21.4, 24.3] | 21.8 [20.2, 23.7] | 21.2 [19.4, 23.7] |
| Baseline (i.e. mid-life) BMI [IQR], kg/m2 | 23.6 [22.2, 25.1] | 23.9 [22.6, 25.3] | 25.5 [24.0, 27.1] | 27.7 [25.8, 29.8] | 27.1 [24.3, 31.6] |
| Physical Activity, MET-hours/week* [IQR] | 19.5 [6.4, 42.5] | 29.5 [13.4, 54.0] | 23.8 [10.0, 46.9] | 18.4 [6.8, 38.4] | 13.5 [4.1, 31.3] |
| Hypertension, % | 38.2 | 30.2 | 36.1 | 45.2 | 56.1 |
| Dyslipidemia, % | 40.7 | 39.9 | 44.8 | 48.3 | 49.4 |
| Type 2 diabetes, % | 8.1 | 4.2 | 5.9 | 9.5 | 17.2 |
| Smoking status, % • Current • Former • Never |
8.2 42.0 49.8 |
5.5 37.3 57.2 |
5.8 42.2 52.0 |
5.8 47.9 46.2 |
5.5 53.2 41.3 |
| Alcohol intake, grams/day, median [IQR] | 1.8 [0, 8.3] | 3.7 [1.7, 14.0] | 2.9 [1.2, 13.7] | 1.9 [0.9, 11.8] | 2.5 [1.0, 13.0] |
| Regular aspirin use, % | 28.2 | 27.2 | 30.3 | 32.3 | 32.2 |
| Adherence to a healthy diet*, % | 27.3 | 32.1 | 24.2 | 19.9 | 15.4 |
| Waist circumference in 1987 [IQR],2 cm | Among 4,206 (79.4%): 95.9 [87.5, 106.2] |
Among 10,087 (74.1%): 95.6 [90.4, 103.5] |
Among 11,273 (70.9%): 96.3 [85.8, 109.9] |
Among 7,115 (81.2%): 95.9 [87.0, 102.2] |
Among 3,294 (83.0%): 96.0 [84.3, 110.1] |
Abbreviations: No., number; BMI, body mass index; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; MET, metabolic equivalent task; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; cm, centimeters
All data reported as percentage (%) or mean±standard deviation (SD), unless noted otherwise. Except for mean of age, all data were standardized to the age distribution of subjects in each cohort. Baseline was defined as 1980 among women and 1986 among men.
Physical activity was defined according to expended MET-hours/week of leisure activity; adherence to a healthy diet was defined as the upper quartile of adherence to the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) 2010. For details, see Methods.
Adulthood weight change was defined as the difference in weight (kilograms, kg) between early adulthood (i.e. age 18 years among women, and 21 years among men) and each time-point of study follow-up. For this table, weight change was identified up to study baseline (i.e. 1980 among women [median age 46 years], 1986 among men [median age 52 years]). Covariates in this table were assessed at study baseline unless otherwise specified.
Waist circumference in centimeters was available beginning in 1986 in NHS, and beginning in 1987 among men, and it was only available in a subset of the full population. For details regarding the ascertainment of waist circumference, see Methods. For details regarding the clinical characteristics of study subjects with available waist circumference data at baseline, please see Table S1.