Table 3.
Baseline characteristics and nutrient consumption of the study population by quintiles of dietary patterns (n = 13,465)
| ‘Prudent’ pattern | ‘Western’ pattern | ‘Traditional’ pattern | ‘Fish and alcohol’ pattern | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q5 | Q1 | Q5 | Q1 | Q5 | Q1 | Q5 | |
| n | 2,694 | 2,693 | 2,694 | 2,693 | 2,694 | 2,693 | 2,694 | 2,693 |
| % | ||||||||
| Sex, Male | 8.04 | 8.73* | 8.55 | 9.92* | 11.08* | 7.06 | 8.25 | 8.31 |
| Current smoker | 5.57* | 3.97 | 3.01 | 6.92* | 2.97 | 5.86* | 3.49 | 5.76* |
| Ischemic Heart Disease | 0.81 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 0.65 | 0.61 | 1.41 | 1.31 | 0.51 |
| Stroke | 0.52* | 0.43 | 0.47 | 0.78 | 0.83* | 0.37 | 1.07 | 0.25 |
| Hypertension | 5.40 | 5.25 | 6.59 | 4.09* | 6.23* | 4.60 | 5.23 | 4.85 |
| Diabetes | 9.77 | 9.26 | 9.57 | 9.37 | 9.28* | 8.13 | 8.49 | 8.79 |
| Cancer | 1.67* | 1.07 | 1.25 | 1.48* | 0.52 | 2.70 | 1.93 | 1.62 |
| Mean ± Standard deviation | ||||||||
| Age, years | 42.45 ± 18.16 | 49.l5 ± 20.35* | 50.27 ± 18.74 | 41.83 ± 18.92* | 56.44 ± 20.28* | 41.56 ± 17.31 | 55.24 ± 21.64* | 43.09 ± 16.95 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.83 ± 5.62* | 25.22 ± 5.11 | 26.56 ± 5.09 | 26.97 ± 5.52* | 26.64 ± 5.23* | 25.74 ± 5.01 | 25.94 ± 4.92 | 26.17 ± 5.49 |
| Education, years | 11.34 ± 3.32* | 10.91 ± 3.97 | 11.06 ± 4.30 | 10.38 ± 2.80* | 9.02 ± 4.24 | 12.15 ± 3.20* | 10.09 ± 3.92 | 12.42 ± 3.18* |
| Total energy intake (kcal) | 1886.67 ± 780.93 | 2087.31 ± 812.13* | 1823.65 ± 737.76 | 2222.53 ± 823.28* | 2111.32 ± 817.57* | 1900.55 ± 757.18 | 1902.83 ± 775.54 | 2051.16 ± 793.49* |
| kcal from fat | 34.06 ± 9.46* | 32.84 ± 9.02 | 30.03 ± 9.53 | 35.46 ± 8.61* | 32.69 ± 8.98 | 32.70 ± 9.27 | 31.95 ± 8.98 | 33.77 ± 9.56* |
| kcal from saturated fat | 11.27 ± 3.99* | 10.61 ± 3.90 | 9.60 ± 3.92 | 12.10 ± 3.82* | 10.76 ± 3.93 | 10.83 ± 3.90 | 11.17 ± 3.95 | 10.98 ± 3.93 |
| kcal from monounsaturated fat | 12.91 ± 4.02* | 12.34 ± 3.96 | 11.04 ± 4.10 | 13.58 ± 3.73* | 12.21 ± 3.87 | 12.28 ± 4.12 | 12.40 ± 3.89 | 12.67 ± 4.13* |
| kcal from polyunsaturated fat | 7.22 ± 3.68 | 7.22 ± 3.31 | 6.88 ± 3.57 | 7.06 ± 3.21* | 6.98 ± 3.41 | 7.06 ± 3.39 | 6.73 ± 3.11 | 7.47 ± 3.72* |
| kcal from protein | 15.12 ± 4.96 | 15.95 ± 4.98* | 16.74 ± 5.16* | 14.57 ± 4.61 | 16.04 ± 4.78* | 15.58 ± 4.56 | 14.67 ± 4.43 | 15.75 ± 5.23* |
| kcal from carbohydrates | 49.32 ± 11.64 | 50.82 ± 10.79* | 52.21 ± 11.32* | 48.30 ± 10.83 | 50.54 ± 10.93 | 50.35 ± 11.10 | 51.13 ± 10.79 | 47.41 ± 11.52 |
| kcal from alcohol | 1.50 ± 1.02* | 0.39 ± 0.2 | 1.02 ± 0.53 | 1.67 ± 0.83* | 0.73 ± 0.45 | 1.37 ± 0.24* | 2.25 ± 0.78 | 3.07 ± 0.89* |
| Dietary fiber (g) | 13.36 ± 8.95 | 18.68 ± 11.38* | 15.16 ± 10.89* | 14.32 ± 8.82 | 17.38 ± 12.42 | 16.94 ± 9.62 | 16.28 ± 11.02 | 15.20 ± 9.27 |
Q1: quintile 1, lowest consumption; Q5: quintile 5, highest consumption
*p < 0.05 based on analysis of variance or Chi-square test