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. 2021 Oct 5;7:276. doi: 10.1038/s41420-021-00660-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — The three primary defense systems include GPx4-mediated ferroptosis resistance, FSP1-related system, and DHODH-mediated ferroptosis defense. The regulators that participate in the regulation of ferroptosis mainly involve Nrf2, SLC7A11, P53, and GCH1. Other regulators and potential mechanisms related to ferroptosis are also shown here. GPx4 glutathione peroxidase 4, FSP1 ferroptosis suppressor protein 1, DHODH dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, Nrf2nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, GCH1 GTP cyclohydrolase-1.