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. 2021 Oct 5;12:5832. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26123-z

Fig. 3. Validation of ZmACO2 function by coding region knockout and overexpression.

Fig. 3

aZmaco2 knockout alleles (aco2-cr1 and aco2-cr2) made longer ears with more kernels than sibling controls; scale bar = 5 cm. Performance of control and Zmaco2 knockout alleles (aco2-cr1 and aco2-cr2) on ear length (b, p = 2.37 × 10−8 and 1.87 × 10−9 respectively), kernel number per row (c, p = 6.82 × 10−20 and 1.44 × 10−9 respectively) and ear weight (d, p = 1.41 × 10−5 and 1.15 × 10−4 respectively); orange bar, control, n = 64 in (b−d); blue bar, Zmaco2 alleles, n = 36 (aco2-cr1) and 31 (aco2-cr2) in (b−d), respectively. e ZmACO2 overexpression lines made shorter ears with less kernels than sibling non-transgenic controls; scale bar = 5 cm. f−h, Performance of ear length (f, p = 5.79 × 10−10, 1.64 × 10−10 and 2.32 × 10−9 respectively), kernel number per row (g, p = 3.76 × 10−7, 1.99 × 10−19 and 2.68 × 10−13 respectively) and ear weight (h, p = 5.38 × 10−8, 1.24 × 10−8 and 1.54 × 10−8 respectively) in controls and ZmACO2 overexpression lines; orange bar, control, n = 69 in (f−h); green bar, ZmACO2 overexpression line, n = 23 (ACO2-OE1), 29 (ACO2-OE2) and 23 (ACO2-OE3) in (f−h), respectively. For (b−d) and (f−h), data are presented as means ± SD. ***p-value ≤ 0.001, from a two-tailed, two-sample t-test. n is the number of ears examined in (b−d) and (f−h).