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(A) In ligand-independent group of cancers, Hh pathway components are mutated or amplified (as in the case of Gli), leading constitutive pathway activation. (B) In ligand-independent group of cancers, Hh derived from cancer cells act on stromal cells or cancer cells to regulate cancer progression. Cancer cells can also be regulated by Hh derived from stromal cells as in the case of lymphomas and multiple myelomas.
